Landscapes Polystructurality and its Formation Factors

Abstract

The purpose of the article was to improve the models of landscape differentiation in terms of landscape polystructurality. Materials and methods. As a result of summarizing the accumulated materials of the polystructural nature of landscapes, a classification of landscape territorial structures was carried out, the forms of their interaction were considered, and it was shown how self-organization processes manifest themselves in landscape structures. Results and discussion. Landscape polystructurality is a territorial combination of landscape structures of various types. In each territory there are intersections of landscape territorial structures. Some of them interact, others are independent due to
different space-time scales. The landscape territorial structure is such a configuration of landscape elements that determine one or another set of landscape functions: spatiotemporal differentiation of landscape production processes (bioproduction, water and air reproduction, exchange of manufactured products with other landscapes), contributes to the formation of stability, transformation of substance fl ows and energy, the production of not only classical resources (water, wood, energy and chemical raw materials, etc.), but also provides environmental, cultural and social functions. We determine the specifics of this set of functions in comparison with those functions that are characteristic of background territorial structures. The largest landscape structure is landscape zoning. All spatial deviations of the characteristics of the landscape under consideration from the background zonal structure should be considered as a consequence of local structures. This comparison procedure is the main analytical procedure for identifying local level structures. It made it possible to identify more than twenty structures that differ in the formation
processes associated with geocirculation, biocirculation and geostationary mechanisms. In addition, structures diff er in the ratio of self-development processes and processes associated with external factors. Knowledge of the mechanisms of formation of structures opens up ways to regulate landscape processes. Conclusions. This comparison procedure is the main analytical procedure for identifying local-level structures. It made it possible to identify more than twenty structures that differ in formation processes associated with geocirculation, biocirculation and geostationary mechanisms. In addition, structures differ in the ratio of self-development processes and processes associated
with external factors. Knowledge of the mechanisms of structure formation opens up ways to regulate landscape processes.