To the Dialogue about the Climatic Trends of the New Century and Their Favorability for the High Realization of the Biological Potential of Field Crops in the Southern Urals

Abstract

The purpose is to identify the dynamics of bioclimatic potential of agricultural provinces of the Orenburg region, to determine its direction and to assess its favorability for high realization of biological potential of fi eld crops. Materials and methods. The data on average monthly air temperatures, precipitation, water vapour elasticity and relative humidity for 1990-2022 were the subject of the research. Bioclimatic potential of the studied areas was calculated according to the method of Shashko D. I. The characteristics of agroecological zones were carried out in accordance with the accepted classifi cation according to Selyaninov G. T. Statistical analysis of meteorological data was carried out in Excel. Results and discussion. A rather pronounced negative direction of the dynamics of meteorological parameters determining the bioclimatic potential of agricultural territories of the Orenburg Region has been revealed, signifi cantly reducing the favourable external conditions for high realization of the biological potential of cultivated crops. Over the past three decades, there has been a decrease in bioclimatic potential by 0.10 units or 4.6 % in the Trans-Volga province of the steppe zone and by 0.20-0.47 units or 11.6-25.4 % in the Trans-Volga and Kazakhstan provinces of the dry-steppe zone. Conclusion. Agricultural provinces of the Orenburg Region are characterised by an extremely tense hydrothermal regime associated with positive dynamics of thermal resources and negative dynamics of precipitation. As the most eff ective means of preserving productivity and gross yields of fi eld crops under the current conditions, adaptation of agrotechnologies to changing natural conditions and selection of heat-resistant and drought-resistant varieties are highly expedient.