Typology of Russian Regions by Population Dynamics in the Post-Soviet Period and Demographic Safety of the Country

Abstract

The purpose is to study the features of population dynamics in the post-Soviet period and the current reproduction of the population of the regions of Russia for the typology and assessment of the directions for achieving demographic security. Materials and methods. Statistical, system-structural, analytical, cartographic, comparative, literary, competitive and other research methods were used. The statistical basis of the work was the information from Rosstat. Results and discussion. Seven types of regions were identified according to the dynamics and features of demograph- ic development. The main features of the population dynamics in the post-Soviet period are quite natural. The population density has changed noticeably, and the demographic "desertification" of the east of the Russian Federation has intensified. At different levels, the population is concentrated in the country, shifting to the south and west, to the European part, to Moscow and regional centers. Siberia and the Far East account for 73.9 % of the country's area, but only 19.4 % of the popu- lation. Over the post-Soviet years, the territorial concentration index between the eastern and western parts of the country has increased from 52.5 units to 54 units. At the level of federal districts, the territorial concentration index is also growing – from 46.5 units in 1991 to 49.5 units in 2024. Conclusions. Significant differentiation of demographic policy at the district and regional levels is necessary. Regions with a greater natural depopulation of 4-6 types of population dynamics are located in almost all federal districts of the coun- try. It is precisely for these regions that additional incentives for the birth rate are needed. About 30 million Russians live outside the Russian Federation. It is necessary to create a state policy that will facilitate the return of Russian people.