The regularities of spatial and temporal change of extremal temperatures of earth layer of atmosphere and its influence on the environment Ararat valley hollow

Abstract

In the work the regularities of spatial distribution of extremal index characterized the air temperature (absolute minimum and absolute maximum) in Ararat valley hollow and dynamics change are clarified and analyzed, the influence of climate change on landscape of region is estimated existed problems are clarified. The vulnerability of studied region to global climate change is discussed, worked out the ways to mitigate of negative effects of climate change. Large-scale comprehensive studies of the patterns of spatial-temporal changes in extreme temperatures of the surface layer of the atmosphere in the context of global climate change, the influence of anthropogenic factors and the assessment of their impact on the landscape structure of the Ararat basin is an important scientific and practical physiographic problem. In landscape-structural terms, the Ararat basin is one of the unique physiographic regions of the Republic of Armenia, which is characterized by a variety of climatic conditions and a complex structure of altitudinal belt differentiation of natural landscapes. On the territory of the Ararat basin, the absolute minimum air temperature varies from -21.0 to -33.6, and the absolute maximum temperature varies from 21.0 to 42.6. During the year, there is a well-pronounced course of values of the absolute maximum and absolute minimum air temperature; during the year, one value is observed for the absolute maximum and absolute minimum air temperature. A close correlation relationship was obtained between the annual values of extreme air temperatures and the absolute altitude of the terrain. This makes it possible to assess the thermal regime of unexplored and poorly studied territories and map their spatial distribution. In the study area, according to data from actual observations of meteorological stations, the absolute maximum and absolute minimum temperatures (in absolute terms) mainly show a tendency to increase. As a result, changes in the time and space of the extreme temperatures of the surface layer of the atmosphere are observed changes in the hypsometric boundaries of the altitudinal zone distribution of landscape types, the phenomena of migration of landscape belts are manifested: semi-desert geocomplexes are modified into desert, and mountain-forest complexes into steppe and dry-steppe complexes.