Geoecological Assessment of the Springs Condition in the Voronezh Region

Abstract

The aim of the study is the geo-ecological assessment of springs in Voronezh Region based on the results of the spring inventory and the chemical composition of the water. Materials and methods. During the field expeditions from 2020 to 2021, 41 springs on the territory of nine municipal districts and two urban districts of the Voronezh region were surveyed. Based on the results of chemical analysis of water samples, conclusions about the ecological condition of the examined springs and the quality of spring water were made. Results and discussion. The inventory revealed that there are not enough architecturally developed springs in the region. The intensification of economic activities and especially the construction of industrial or residential facilities in the spring areas have a negative impact on their condition, up to and including their disappearance. Recommendations for the revitalisation of springs are also insufficiently implemented. The results of chemical analysis showed that most of the springs (56%) do not meet the requirements for sanitary and chemical indicators and have unsatisfactory water quality, which is not safe for drinking without preliminary treatment. In selected samples, MPC were exceeded in total hardness (from 1.01 to 2.2 times), iron (from 1.1 to 1.2 times) and nitrates (from 1.1 to 2.75 times). Conclusions. In order to prevent the risk of diseases associated with drinking poor-quality water, local authorities need to make the population aware of the quality of spring water and allocate targeted material resources for the protection and improvement of disadvantaged springs.