Proceedings of Voronezh State University. Series: Geography. Geoecology
ISSN: 1609-0683 | Issues per year: 4 | Impact-factor RSCI 2021: 0,589 Scientific journal that publishes original articles on the problems of landscape studies, ecology, environmental protection, climatology, biogeography, demography, territorial organization of society, tourism and other areas of Earth Sciences. Indexed and abstract: Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) on a platform Web of Science; Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI); List of Peer-reviewed Scientific Journals, entering to the international abstract databases and the systems of citing, recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science for publication of principal scientific results of competitors for scientific degrees of science’s doctor and candidate. Editor-in-chief: Semen A. Kurolap, PhD, Dr. habil. in Geography, Professor (Voronezh State University)
Soil-Geographical Studies of the Don Sands by B. B. Polynov
The article is devoted to the soil and geographical studies of the Don sands by B. B. Polynov. His many years of research have created the foundation for a comprehensive study of the natural conditions and resources of the Don Host Region in general and the Don sands in particular. A comprehensive geographical analysis of the sandy massifs of the area in the Don River basin was carried out. B. B. Polynov was the fi rst to draw attention to the fact that landscapes can be represented by elements of diff erent ages: relict, conservative and progressive, thereby justifying the genetic approach in landscape science. Using the example of the Archeda-Don sands, it was demonstrated that the geographical components composing the landscape are not static, they evolve. The idea of the role of physical and geographical factors in the evolution of landscapes is put forward: in the genesis of the landscape, climate and geology are primary. Other factors are genetically dependent on them; biota is the most dependent component of the landscape.
conservative and progressive landscape elements
The Transformation of the Territorial Management System of China's National Provinces in the First Half of the 20th Century (Using the Example of the Adaptability of the Mongolian Power Institutions in the Shilin-Gol)
The purpose is to analyze the transformation of the territorial management system of the national outskirts of China in the fi rst half of the 20th century, using the example of the adaptability of the Mongolian government insti tutions of the Seimas [historical league/chuulgan] (now aimag) of Shilin-Gol with the reconstruction of the administra tive-territorial structure and the identifi cation of mechanisms for adapting traditional forms of government in a changing political environment. Materials and methods. The work is based on the analysis of two groups of sources: textual, based on the works of our outstanding compatriots – orientalists and travelers Z. L. Matusovsky, P. S. Popov, A. M. Baranov and A. V. Mara kuev, as well as cartographic, compiled by no less outstanding researchers I.Ya. Korostovets – the fi rst Russian envoy to Outer Mongolia and V. I. Surin – the first Minister of War of the Kolchak government. The interdisciplinary approach made it possible to create a geoinformation system that combined retrospective data with up-to-date information, which ensured the complexity of the area study. Results and discussion. The analysis of the sources showed the complex tribal structure of the administration of Shilin Gol in the late Imperial period of Manchu rule in China and the subsequent series of status changes - during the period of the Republic of China, Shilin Gol fi rst became part of Chahar Province, and after the establishment of Japanese control it became an administrative-territorial unit of the Mengjiang state. The study revealed the preservation to date of traditional forms of management organization at the local level (aimag-khoshun principle), despite changes in the administrative status of the region. Conclusions. Shilin-Gol demonstrates a unique example of the adaptation of traditional Mongolian governance in stitutions to changing political realities. The preservation of both the majority of its khoshuns and Shilin Gol itself, albeit with a changed status, testifi es to the stability and fl exibility of traditional structures. Shilin-Gol's experience is relevant for understanding modern processes of managing ethnic and cultural diversity, interaction between central government and local elites, as well as the search for eff ective models of territorial governance in multinational states. The study of this experience is of particular importance in the context of the development of cooperation between Russia and China.
administrative and territorial structure
Assessment of the Impact of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills on the Environment of the Krasnodar Region
The goal is to assess the impact of municipal solid waste landfi lls on the environment of the Krasnodar Region to further determine effi cient waste management technologies within the framework of forming a regional closed-cycle economy model. Materials and methods. The following research methods were used: information analysis, retrospective analysis, assessment of the current state of scientifi c developments and the application of innovative technologies, methods for analyzing the chemical and morphological composition of municipal solid waste, methods for calculating gas emissions, synthesis, and observation. Results and discussion. The main pollutants emitted into the region's atmosphere, as well as the share of greenhouse gas emissions by sectors of the region's economy, have been identifi ed. The average morphological composition of mu nicipal solid waste and the component composition of biogas at the accumulation landfi lls were determined. The average content of petroleum products and the average gross concentration of heavy metals in the soil of the landfi lls were revealed. The eff ect of landfi ll soil compaction on the effi ciency of aerobic and anaerobic processes in the landfi ll body was revealed. Methane emissions were calculated for various morphological compositions of municipal solid waste. Conclusion. The use of an integrated approach based on the introduction of the best available technologies allows for a signifi cant reduction in the negative impact of municipal solid wastes landfi lls on the environment of the Krasnodar Region, which largely contributes to the formation of a closed-cycle regional economy model in the region.
The Methodology for Assessing and Diagnosing the Spatial-Temporal Variability of Ground-Level Atmospheric Pollution in Areas with Increased Environmental Stress
The aim is to develop a methodology for assessing the spread of harmful impurities in the area of the airfield of state aviation and its application to assess the spatial and temporal variability of the concentration of harmful impurities. Materials and methods. A technique has been developed to assess and predict points with increased concentrations of harmful impurities on the territory of an airfield in conditions of increased aviation flight intensity. Results and discussion. Based on numerical and field experiments, this method was tested at the Baltimor State Aviation Airfi eld. The experiments were conducted in dry weather during the summer and autumn of 2021-2023. Meteorological parameters were measured using a small-sized automatic meteorological station (MAMS) and an AMG-510 gas analyzer. Conclusions. According to the proposed methodology, it is possible to predict the pollution of the surface layer of the atmosphere with harmful impurities under various meteorological conditions and the intensity of operation of the state aviation airfi eld, taking into account the geographical and climatic features of its location, topography, locations of build ings and structures, and their geometric dimensions. Knowing the exact nature of the distribution of harmful impurities, it is possible to eff ectively plan measures for monitoring and reducing air pollution at the airfi eld, as well as preserving the health of personnel working at the airfield.
meteorological parameters of the atmosphere
Geoecological Assessment of Water Quality in Recreational Water Use Sites of the Population in the Voronezh Region
The purpose of the research was to summarize and analyze the results of laboratory control of water quality in water bodies in places of recreational water use in the Voronezh Region during the summer bathing season of 2025; to identify places where water quality poses a danger to public health. Materials and methods. Object of research: water in water bodies in 57 places of recreational water use. Subject of the study: water quality according to sanitary-chemical, microbiological, parasitological and virological indicators. Total volume of the study: 1,425 water samples. Water quality studies were conducted at the testing laboratory center of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region. Results. It was found that of the total volume of water samples for the determination of sanitary and chemical param eters (513 samples), 75 (14,6 %) samples did not meet hygienic requirements in 3 places of recreational water use at 1 water body (chemical oxygen consumption), as well as organoleptic ones – odor, fl oating impurities. Of the 513 samples examined for microbiological parameters, 24 samples (4,7 %) did not meet the requirements in 4 water bodies out of 29 studied, in 8 places of recreational water use in terms of common coliform bacteria and E. Coli. Conclusions. Of the 29 water bodies, the Voronezh Reservoir, the Tikhaya Sosna, Fedorovka, and Chernaya Kalitva rivers are the most unfavorable according to the totality of the estimated indicators in the summer season.
Manifestations of Snow Cover Pollution with Heavy Metals in the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve Under Modern Climatic Conditions
The aim of the research – to assess the variability of snow pollution with heavy metals against the back ground of current changes in the meteorological regime. Materials and methods. The accounting and analysis of the characteristics of lead, cadmium and mercury accumula tion in snow are based on data from fi eld experimental observations in the period from 1996 to 2022. The collection and analysis of samples was carried out in accordance with the methods of integrated background monitoring stations. The variability of the concentration of heavy metals is considered in connection with changes in snow water equivalent, precip itation, duration of the snow period, number of thaws, wind conditions – according to observation data taking into account the requirements of Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring. Results and discussion. The range of changes in the meteorological characteristics of the winter period corresponded to regional features have been determined, signifi cant trends in changes in the characteristics of snow cover and meteo rological conditions is absent. The dynamics of heavy metal concentration in snow is similar to the variability of concen tration in the atmosphereе; there are no values that are critical for ecosystems and the population. The dependence of the pollution value on changes in snow water equivalent and meteorological conditions is signifi cant with multiple regression coeffi cients of 0,54-0,64 with the leading contribution of precipitation and snow reserves. Conclusion. The revealed absence of critical values of heavy metal concentration in snow with a signifi cant regression dependence of long-term dynamics on changes in snow cover characteristics and meteorological conditions confi rms the legitimacy of using the territory of the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve as a standard in the background monitoring system of the state of the environment. The degree of infl uence of leading meteorological factors on the process of snow cover pollution can be determined, among other things, by additional features of the wind regime, transformation of snow due to snowstorm transfer and thaws, which requires detailed analysis of the features of accumulation of heavy metals.
The Coastal Areas of the Okhotsk Sea and Hudson Bay as Geographical Analogues by Climatic Conditions
The purpose of the study is to search for geographical analogues by climatic indicators of coastal areas of the continental coast of the Sea of Okhotsk and Hudson Bay. Materials and methods. The work used general geographical research methods, analysis of meteorological information (global weather system WEB sites, interactive maps) and actual development of the coastal area (photo hosting google map). Results and discussion. The coastal areas are considered, since they show similarity when comparing climatic indi cators (temperature, precipitation, wind speed, etc.). The presented work has theoretical and practical signifi cance in the search for geographical areas of analogues, in the development of strategies and models of the nature management system in the northern coastal areas, and, as a result, in creating optimal conditions for comfortable living of the population. For example, in urban planning when arranging coastal areas in countries with severe weather conditions. Methodological approaches to the search for geographical areas of analogues can be applied to other continents with the possibility of supplementing them with new indicators for comparison. Conclusions. Geographical analogues of coastal settlements are identifi ed based on the similarity of weather factors in the Sea of Okhotsk and Hudson Bay.
Features of the Change in Climatic Conditions in the Middle Volga Region During the Period 1966-2024 and Their Consequences
The objective is to assess the dynamics of inter-day diff erences in air temperature greater than 6 °C and atmospheric pressure greater than 8 hPa in the Middle Volga region in the period 1966-2024 against the background of ongoing changes in the regional climate. Materials and methods. The information base was daily data on air temperature and atmospheric pressure of the ERA5 reanalysis in the nodes of a regular grid with a resolution of 0,25 °С in the Middle Volga region in the period 1966 2024 (number of nodes 1334). Long-term data on these meteorological values were subjected to statistical processing, both for the period 1966-2024 as a whole and for the subperiods 1966-1994 and 1995-2024. The average seasonal values, standard deviations (SD), linear trend slope coeffi cients (LTSC), frequency of interdaily temperature diff erences of more than 6 °C and pressure diff erences of more than 8 hPa by seasons were found. The infl uence of circulation modes on cli mate indicators was estimated. Results and discussions. The region, as well as Russia as a whole, is experiencing climate warming, which is manifested in a signifi cant increase in the average annual temperature in the period 1966-2024 at a rate of 0,42 °C/10 years. Warm ing is most active in winter (LTSC=0.69 °C/10 years), the lowest rate is observed in summer (LTSC = 0,31 °C/10 years). The dynamics of variability of interdaily air temperature diff erences (> 6 °C) and atmospheric pressure (> 8 hPa) in the Middle Volga region for 1966-2024 was obtained. Moreover, in the period 1995-2024 the number of sharp temperature and pressure drops decreases compared to the earlier period 1966-1995, which indicates an increase in atmospheric stability. Conclusions. The most frequently recorded daily temperature drops (> 6 °C) are in the winter period, which exceeds their total number for other seasons. At the same time, a decrease in the frequency of daily temperature drops greater than 6 °C per winter season is noted in the period 1995-2024 compared to the period 1966-1994. There is also a decrease in the dispersion of the average daily air temperature. The frequency of daily pressure drops greater than 8 hPa is most signifi cant in winter, while it slightly decreases from 23 cases/season (period 1966-1994) to 22 cases/season (1995-2024). By season, the frequency of pressure drops is distributed in the following order: winter, autumn, spring, summer.
Analysis of Climate Fluctuations Using Various Models Using the Example of the Lower Don Basin
The purpose of the article is to provide estimates of regional climate changes in the Lower Don basin using various models of meteorological parameters changes. Materials and methods. The article presents options for analyzing climate fl uctuations using four models: stationary, linear trend, step changes, and a trend change model. Results and discussion. Statistically signifi cant changes in surface air temperature, wind speed, precipitation, and relative air humidity in the Lower Don basin were revealed. The most adequate results in assessing climatic fl uctuations of meteorological parameters over of more than 50 years were obtained using the method of regime change class models. Conclusion. Several assessment models should be considered to select the most correct method for climate change analysis. Statistics calculated from small dataset (up to 100) are sensitive to the size of these datasets. Therefore, the declar ative method of choosing period boundaries can lead to erroneous conclusions about the observed trends. For this reason, the search for period boundaries must be carried out on the basis of data and its homogeneity.
Hydroecological Peculiarities of the Discharge Formation of the Springs in the City of Kaluga
The purpose is to assess the infl uence of the main physical and geographical factors on the fl ow and chem ical composition of springs located on the territory of the city of Kaluga. Materials and methods. Initial information on the fl ow rates and chemical composition of spring water was obtained as a result of fi eld work carried out in 2022-2023. The hydrogeological map was used to identify the aquifers. Daily data on the dynamics of meteorological elements were determined on the basis of observations conducted at the Kaluga weather station. Cartographic and hygrometric methods, analytical chemistry methods and rapid assessment of water quality were used in this study. Results and discussion. Daily indicators of soil moisture, as well as conditional indices of spring water quality, are calculated. It was found that the lowest monthly fl ow rates are observed at the spring in Podzavalie, the ranges of change are 0,045-0,122 l/s, the largest are at the Zdorovets spring (0,722-1,145 l/s). It has been revealed that anthropogenic factors are the main source of spring water pollution. The springs have a high nitrate and bacterial load. At the same time, the water of all springs is classifi ed as «very hard». Conclusion. The completed meteorological review and analysis of soil moisture showed the connection of the main physical and geographical factors such as air temperature, precipitation and moisture indicators with the formation of the runoff of the springs of the city of Kaluga. In addition, the association of the soil moisture index with pollution of springs was found, which indicates the seasonality of pollution and their predominantly anthropogenic nature.
Land hydrology, water resources, hydrochemistry
Ice Regime of the Don Basin Rivers at the Turn of the Century
The purpose of the study is to analyze the phases of the ice regime and to compare the dynamics of ice formations on the Upper Don rivers on the border of the XX and XXI centuries. Materials and methods. The work is based on the materials of observations of ice phenomena at 4 hydraulic posts in the Lipetsk, Voronezh and Belgorod regions for 1950-2021. They were borrowed from the State Water Cadastre and the funds of the Russian Hydrometeorological Service. The analysis includes the dates of ice formation, the duration of the autumn and spring icefall, periods of freezing and ice phenomena. The initial information was processed using general geographic, computational, graphical, geographical, hydrological, and statistical methods. Results and discussion. The study of the ice regime of the Don River over the time periods 1950-1985 and 1986-2021 showed a shift in the date of occurrence of ice characteristics in autumn to a later date and earlier opening dates in spring with a change in their duration. There has been a reduction in the duration of stable ice formation to complete absence in Pavlovsk since 2014, Bobrov since 2018, Alekseevka since the 1980s. At the same time, the duration of the ice age has increased. The formation of continuous ice increases from 54 to 107 days downstream of the Don River in 1986-2021. Conclusion. The ice regime of the rivers of the Don Basin at the turn of the XX and XXI centuries is characterized by a significant transformation caused by climatic changes and anthropogenic infl uence on the catchment areas. Anomalous features, features, or new patterns have formed (complete absence of ice formation, changes in the timing and duration of ice formations, etc.), which are a response to modern climate challenges.
Infrastructure Paradigm of Spatial Development of Russian Regions
The purpose is a theoretical study of the infrastructure paradigm of spatial development of Russian regions. Materials and methods. In the context of the paradigmatic approach to studying the spatial development of infra structure in Russian regions, a systematic approach was used, which served as a theoretical and methodological basis for building connections and relationships between objects of diff erent nature. Results and discussion. The method of paradigmatic justifi cation of the spatial development of infrastructure in the theory, methodology, and practice of geographical science is presented. Within the framework of the systemic paradigm, philosophical and general scientifi c approaches to infrastructure research are identifi ed, and their conceptual signifi cance in solving applied problems is indicated. Conclusions. A systematic view of the research object involves not only analyzing the properties of its integrity but also tracing the evolution of infrastructure theory and its formation process under the changing paradigm of geographical science.
Economic, social, political and recreational geography
Assessment of the Demographic Situation in the Regions of Russia in the Aspect of Interregional Socio-Economic Asymmetry
The purpose of the research is to analyze the depth of regional socio-economic asymmetry depending on the demographic situation. Materials and methods. The demographic situation index in the regions was calculated using statistical analysis methods based on indicators of population reproduction, expectancy of life, and demographic pressure. The grouping method was used to classify regions according to their demographic situation and the purchasing power of average per capita income in relation to the regional subsistence wage level. Results were presented in a tabular form. Results and discussion. Based on a set of demographic indicators (birth rate, mortality, infant mortality, demographic burden, and life expectancy), the demographic situation indexes were calculated for 2022 and an average for the 2018 2020 period. To assess regional socio-economic asymmetry, a combined analysis of the demographic situation and income levels in the regions was conducted, based on grouping the regions according to these indicators in the constructed matrix. The resulting matrix refl ects the main imbalances in regional development – income inequality and demographic processes, taking into account territorial characteristics. The analysis revealed 13 possible combinations of demographic situation indi ces (IDS) and income levels from 16 possible combinations. The grouping of regions with average IDS and average income level (16 regions) and regions with low IDS and average income level (13 regions) is the most numerous. Conclusions. Overall, the country is dominated by regions where the income level in relation to the subsistence wage level does not exceed 300 % ‒ 62 regions, while in 6 regions this fi gure is less than 200 %. The research clearly illustrates the existing imbalances in economic and demographic regional development.
The Influence of Settlement and Ethnic Factors on the Election Results in the Eastern Siberia
The purpose of the study is to analyze the infl uence of the settlement factor (the share of rural residents) on the results of elections in Eastern Siberia and compare it with the already proven contribution of ethnicity to the political processes of the macro-region. Materials and methods. With the help of the correlation analysis author analyzed the infl uence of the share of rural residents on the results of the State Duma and Presidential elections in 2021 and 2024, and similarly considered the contribution of ethnicity as opposed to the settlement factor. Cartographic method was used to visualize the share of indigenous peoples and rural residents in East Siberian municipalities. Results and discussion. An insignifi cant contribution of the settlement factor on the election results in Eastern Siberia was defi ned. The maximum correlation coeffi cient between the share of rural residents and the number of people who voted for V. A. Davankov was -0,48 in 2024. However, the contribution of ethnicity to the election results still turned out to be signifi cant, despite the fact that its signifi cance decreased compared to earlier political campaigns: there is a high positive relationship between ethnicity and turnout in the 2021 State Duma elections, a high negative relationship between the above-mentioned indicator and voting for the LDPR (-0,78), an average positive relationship with respect to the United Russia party (0,61); an average positive relationship between the share of indigenous peoples and votes for V. V. Putin (0,69) and a high negative one for L. E. Slutsky (-0,80) and the number of spoiled ballots (-0,72) in the 2024 Presidential elections. Conclusion. In Eastern Siberia, the infl uence of the ethnic factor is most signifi cant, its strengthening occurs due to the residence of indigenous peoples in rural municipalities. However, the settlement factor separately and its role in the election results (turnout and political preferences turned out to be less pronounced in the macro-region.
Analysis of the Results of Parliamentary Elections in the Countries of the Near Abroad of Russia Using the Method of Multidimensional Scaling
The purpose of the study is an integrated cross-country and cross-temporal study of the electoral space of Russia's neighboring countries. Materials and methods. The research was based on the results of national elections to national parliaments from 2007 to 2021 in the context of subnational territorial units of 11 countries bordering Russia. The indicators of party support were grouped based on their ideological orientation and attitude towards Russia. Multidimensional scaling was used to analyze the presented data as a method for reducing dimensionality. Results and discussion. The study identifi ed territories that diff er most signifi cantly within a single country in terms of electoral behavior: most often these are either capitals, or border territories, or disputed territories. If we consider electoral behavior in neighboring countries in dynamics, the picture will significantly transform: over time, in countries bordering Russia, from the point of view of electoral results, it begins to look more homogeneous. During the second electoral cycle, there is a noticeable rapprochement between Latvia and Poland, and during the third – between Eastern Poland and Lithuania, where conservative forces enjoy support. Conclusion. Russia's neighboring countries are an extremely heterogeneous region in terms of the dynamics of elec toral processes. However, the multidimensional scaling method allows us to identify countries (or parts of them) that are closest in political preferences.
Regional Peculiarities of Literary Tourism in Central Russia
The purpose of the work is to reveal the modern regional peculiarities of literary tourism in Central Russia. Materials and methods. Various types of sources – Internet resources, open access funds, literary and statistical ones was formed the information base of recreational-geographical research. The leading scientific approaches were systemic, territorial, typological. Results and discussion. The characteristic features of regional differentiation of literary tourism as the special type of cultural and educational tourism in Central Russia are highlighted in the work. The elaborated typology of model region subjects refl ects the territorial contrast of cultural and historical resources and of literary tourism structure. The main directions of its development are identified. Conclusions. Literary tourism in Central Russia, against the backdrop of common features, is distinguished by a pronounced spatial heterogeneity. Stimulating its development is an important link of realization the policy of increasing the cultural potential of the population.
Modelling and Problems of Demographic Development in Russia
The purpose of the research is to reveal the problems, substantiate the peculiarities and approaches to modelling demographic development, make forecasts, and consider the problems and prospects for the development of the country's population. Materials and methods. The research is based on the use of statistical, literature, system-structural, graphical methods, and various mathematical forecasting methods. Statistical data from the «Demographic Yearbook of Russia» were used. During the study, a matrix model of population reproduction in Russia was developed. The model of mathematical modelling of demographic development in Russia allows us to consider not only the peculiarities of population dynamics, but also reveals modern and prospective internal relationships between modelling factors. Results and discussion. Three main types of models have been compiled. Growth models based on the population's own potential and actual population dynamics reveal various options for future population. The matrix model allows us not only to determine the population number (demographic potential) but also to calculate labour and fertility potential, as it reveals the structure of the population, the number of born children and the number of deceased people. In the model of expanded reproduction (increase in the birth rate of large families), it is possible to determine the necessary level of childbirth for simple or expanded reproduction, which allows for ensuring a stable state of the population. Conclusions. Forecasting the population of Russia reveals the severity of demographic development problems. However, the deterioration of the situation can still be avoided on the basis of conducting an adequate, based on the results of population forecasting, demographic policy.
Concept for the Formation of Tourist and Recreation Clusters in the North-Eastern Caucasus
The purpose of the research is to develop a conceptual model of tourism and recreation cluster in the North-Eastern Caucasus based on the analysis of existing models and taking into account regional peculiarities. Materials and methods. The information base was the published works of domestic and foreign researchers on clustering issues in the fi eld of recreational nature management, as well as statistical materials of regional ministries of culture and tourism. The methods of analysis and synthesis, expert assessments, comparative-geographical and situational analysis, strategization and forecasting were applied. Results and discussion. The A conceptual model of a tourism and recreation cluster for implementation in the conditions of the North-Eastern Caucasus has been developed. The proposed model refl ects the connections between science, the business community, government, production, and the local population. It is shown that projects of interregional clusters can be successfully implemented due to synergy eff ect. Models of clusters have been proposed on the basis of the Kezenoy-Am Lake between Chechnya and Dagestan, as well as on specially protected natural areas in the highlands of all three republics of the North-Eastern Caucasus. Conclusion. The creation of regional and interregional clusters in the North-Eastern Caucasus will contribute to the development of new industries and vectors of development of the tourism and recreation industry. The prospects for their formation and eff ective functioning are associated with the solution of a set of problems (modernization of infrastructure, training of highly qualifi ed personnel, introduction of innovative technologies in the tourism sector, etc.).
Landscape Map of the Visim Biosphere Reserve as a Basis for Optimizing Nature Conservation
The purpose is to compile a landscape map of groups and genera of facies within the territory of the Visim Biosphere Reserve. Materials and methods. The landscape map of the Visim Biosphere Reserve was compiled using traditional landscape mapping methods at a scale of 1:25 000 based on expeditionary fi eld studies of 11 landscape profi les, 7 landscape routes and author's large-scale maps of 5 key sites. The main types of locations and all variants of soil and vegetation cover have been studied. The map is designed using GIS technologies. Results and discussion. The landscape structure of the territory includes 41 groups of facies belonging to fi ve genera, two subclasses and one class of facies. The highest peaks and the upper parts of their slopes belong to the subclass of medium-sized taiga facies of the broad-leaved-coniferous-taiga type of the structure of the altitude zone. The slopes below a height of 550 m belong to the subclass of southern taiga facies of the broad-leaved-coniferous-taiga type of high-altitude zone structure. Optimal locations in the middle parts of mountain slopes are occupied by large-fern, grass and blueberry spruce forests. The maximum diversity of facies is typical for the Sulem River valley. Conclusions. The landscape map serves as a basis for further detailed research, identifying anthropogenic modifi cations, where all transformations will be refl ected. The landscape map will serve as the basis for organizing activities for the protection and integrated conservation of the reserve's landscapes, further monitoring of the dynamics of processes, and forecasting changes in the landscapes of the Middle Urals.
Physical geography and biogeography, soil geography and landscape geochemistry
Spatial Analysis of the Landscapes’ Flammability in the North of Western Siberia
The purpose of the study is spatial analysis and assessment of the tundra and forest-tundra landscapes flam mability of the West Siberian Plain and its relationship with anthropogenic impact. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the cartographic database of burned areas for 1985-2024 created by the author using Landsat satellite images in Google Earth Engine. The flammability of landscapes of diff erent taxonomic ranks and the relationship between fi res and anthropogenic factors were examined. Results and discussion. It was determined that fi res affected 4 % of the territory during this period, with forest-tundra landscapes being signifi cantly more susceptible to fires than tundra landscapes (18,4 % vs 0,4 %). The highest fire activity was observed in the forest-tundra landscapes of the Nadym-Pur Northern (24,6 %) and Salekhard (15,6 %) landscape provinces. Increased flammability is characteristic of medium-small hilly, lake-swamp, flat-depression and khasyrei types of terrain (3-6 %). The medium-small hilly type has a relatively lower anthropogenic impact. A strong significant correla tion (R2 = 0,95) was found between the number of burned areas and their closest distance to the roads. Conclusion. The increased flammability of terrain types in the north of Western Siberia is strongly associated with the road network presence within ones, but there is no signifi cant dependence on road density. Roads and burned areas have an obvious spatial relationship.
Natural and Recreational Potential of the Livadia Ridge (Southern Primorye)
The purpose of research is to assess the natural and recreational potential of the Livadia Ridge ecosystems (Southern Primorye) and the prospects for the development of mass recreation and eco-tourism in this territory, taking into account the preservation of unique nature. Materials and methods. The methods for identifying the degree of recreational attractiveness of landscapes, compara- tive geographical and landscape methods, field geobotanical descriptions of vegetation, regulatory documents and literary data were used in the work. Results and discussion. Identifying the natural and recreational potential of various natural sites is a priority for the development of recreation and tourism in the Primorsky Region and a promising direction for the development of the economy and social infrastructure. Conclusions. The Livadia Ridge (Southern Primorye) is distinguished by the contrast of natural conditions: geological and geomorphological, climatic, and hence by a large biodiversity of vegetation, wildlife and high attractiveness of moun- tain landscapes. The natural and recreational potential of the ridge is high.
The Place of Erosional Slope Landscapes in the Organization of Basin Geosystems in the Voronezh Region
The purpose of the research is to determine the place of erosional slope landscapes in the territorial organization of basin geosystems for the scientifically sound identification of elements of the landscape-ecological framework and the optimization of the structure of nature use. Materials and methods. As a methodological basis for the research, the concepts of slope landscapes as an object of study were used. The subject of research was the dynamic-genetic systems of slope landscapes (primary and second- ary tectonic, terraced, erosional-deluvial, and erosional). For the purposes of structuring basin geosystems, the method of landscape-morphological decomposition was applied, which includes the identification of structural-morphological subsystems, as well as their analysis in terms of the structure and relationship between various types of dynamic-genetic systems of slope landscapes. Results and discussion. The basin geosystem was divided into three subsystems: hydrographic, flat and slope. The iden- tification of different types of flat and slope landscapes was justified. Within the divisions (upper, middle, and lower) of the basin geosystems, their structural and morphological organization as a whole was studied, and the location of erosional slope landscapes, in particular, was identified. Conclusion. Using the example of the Devitsa River basin, the place of erosional slope landscapes was determined both in the basin geosystem as a whole and in structural and morphological zones, in particular, which allows more objective approach to the process of managing the natural use of basin dynamic genetic systems of slope landscapes.
Technogenic Landscape-Geochemical Complexes of the Blyavinsky Copper-Pyrite Deposit in the Orenburg Region
The purpose of research is to determine the landscape-geochemical features of the Blyavinsky copper-py- rite deposit's quarry, located in the Orenburg Region of the Southern Urals. The research objectives were: assessment of the concentration of chemical elements in natural and technogenic components (lithogenic base, quarry waters, and vegetation) of the technogeosystem of the Blyavinsky deposit; identification of key patterns of formation of geochemical facies – landscape-exposure tiering and paradynamic geofields. Materials and methods. Instrumental determination of chemical elements in samples of geochemical samples was performed by the method of atomic emission analysis. Results and discussion. The result of the analyzes was the determination of 44 chemical elements by atomic emission. The characteristics of geochemical features of 3 identified landscape-geochemical facies of technogenic origin are given: transeluvial positive on the western dump (III), transeluvial and locally accumulative positive on the western and southern dumps (IV) and transeluvial sharply negative in the quarry of the Blyavinsky deposit (VII). Conclusion. The obtained results allow us to interpret the main technogenic migration flows.
Perception of the Suburban Area of St. Petersburg by Its Residents: Main Territorial Features and Differences (Based on Survey Results)
The purpose of the research is a qualitative assessment of the living conditions of the population in the suburban areas of St. Petersburg, including identifying differences and general patterns of development of these suburbs in various directions from the city centre.Materials and methods. The study utilizes the results of an online survey conducted among residents of St. Peters- burg's suburbs. The survey focuses on residents' attitudes towards the comfort level of living in their localities. Results and discussion. Within the defined boundaries of the suburban area of the region under study, typical common issues and similar features in the development of social life and connections with the city centre were revealed. Addition- ally, differences are identified in terms of living conditions, transportation accessibility, and self-perception between the northern, eastern, and southern suburban neighborhoods. Conclusion. Based on the results of a qualitative assessment by residents of the suburbs participating in the survey, it was interesting to examine the degree of influence of St. Petersburg on lifestyle and the peculiarities of interaction in the system «centre-suburb» in various groups of suburban areas. There is a need for a coordinated suburban «regional policy»; most of the population of the suburban area does not intend to leave its borders; accordingly, its development, particularly spatial, is likely to continue in the future.
Typology of Russian Regions by Population Dynamics in the Post-Soviet Period and Demographic Safety of the Country
The purpose is to study the features of population dynamics in the post-Soviet period and the current reproduction of the population of the regions of Russia for the typology and assessment of the directions for achieving demographic security. Materials and methods. Statistical, system-structural, analytical, cartographic, comparative, literary, competitive and other research methods were used. The statistical basis of the work was the information from Rosstat. Results and discussion. Seven types of regions were identified according to the dynamics and features of demograph- ic development. The main features of the population dynamics in the post-Soviet period are quite natural. The population density has changed noticeably, and the demographic "desertification" of the east of the Russian Federation has intensified. At different levels, the population is concentrated in the country, shifting to the south and west, to the European part, to Moscow and regional centers. Siberia and the Far East account for 73.9 % of the country's area, but only 19.4 % of the popu- lation. Over the post-Soviet years, the territorial concentration index between the eastern and western parts of the country has increased from 52.5 units to 54 units. At the level of federal districts, the territorial concentration index is also growing – from 46.5 units in 1991 to 49.5 units in 2024. Conclusions. Significant differentiation of demographic policy at the district and regional levels is necessary. Regions with a greater natural depopulation of 4-6 types of population dynamics are located in almost all federal districts of the coun- try. It is precisely for these regions that additional incentives for the birth rate are needed. About 30 million Russians live outside the Russian Federation. It is necessary to create a state policy that will facilitate the return of Russian people.
Event Tourism: Experience of the Murmansk Region
The purpose is to analyze event events from the point of view of their prospects for the development of the tourism industry and the economic well-being of the Arctic region (using the example of the Murmansk region). Materials and methods. The database has been compiled of events planned for 2024 in the Murmansk region, posted on the «51 Events» website using manual web scraping. The data obtained were summarized and analyzed using statistical methods, supplemented with data from the official media of the Murmansk region. At the final stage, a text analysis of the event names was carried out. Results and discussion. As a result of the analysis, the following were identified: firstly, groups of events related to event tourism, secondly, the distribution of events from a geographical point of view and by the date of their holding, thirdly, the thematic content of the events was determined. The value and novelty of the results obtained lie in the search for promising directions for the development of the tourism industry and the economic well-being of the Arctic region (using the example of the Murmansk region).Conclusions. The key features of the practice of organizing events in the region are that local governments are actively realizing the tourism potential of the Murmansk region; events in the region act as a catalyst for the development of do- mestic tourism, promoting the economic development of small settlements, and also serve to attract new personnel to the region. The conclusions can be scaled to other regions of the Russian Federation, taking into account local characteristics.
Integration of Spent Quarries into the Circular Economy of Tourism: an Innovative Approach
The purpose is to develop a scheme of industrial symbiosis of enterprises of different industries in the tourist area to create closed technological cycles, ensure waste-free and form new tourist sites through landscape rehabilitation of quarries using a fine fraction of limestone mining waste in biotechnological processes. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the example of the resort city of Sochi using a systematic ap- proach and organizational and functional modeling. The scheme is based on the concept of a circular economy and the results of the study of innovative waste management technologies. Results and discussion. The prerequisites and problems of the formation of a circular economy of tourism are re- vealed. The scheme of industrial symbiosis of subjects of three industries has been developed: a spent quarry, small farms and a tourist enterprise, with a description of material flows. The model integrates biotechnologies for the disposal of lime- stone mining waste and agricultural production. The possibility of creating closed cycles that reduce the negative impact on the environment, support local agriculture and form new tourist products is shown. Examples of implemented projects of landscape rehabilitation of quarries are given. Conclusions. The proposed scheme provides economic, environmental and social benefits. It can serve as a basis for the development of sustainable and scientific- educational tourism in the areas of spent quarries, contributing to environ- mental safety and the development of a circular economy on the Black Sea coast of Russia.
Strategic Planning in Environmental Management of Coastal Tourist Areas: Challenges and Prospects
The purpose of the research is to identify the most pressing challenges associated with recreational envi- ronmental use in coastal tourism areas and to develop evidence-based recommendations for their resolution or mitigation. Materials and methods. The research focuses on the most prominent coastal regions of the Russian Federation. The methodological framework includes a comparative-descriptive analysis, SWOT analysis, deductive reasoning to in- terpret findings, and an assessment of the recreational carrying capacity of coastal zones. Results and discussion. The development of tourism in coastal regions is constrained by legislative inadequacies, hazardous natural events, ineffective governance, and overarching conflicts in natural resource use. Effective strategic planning, in particular the development of new types of tourism, contributes to the redistribution of tourist flows in space and time, which will reduce the pressure on natural landscapes and infrastructure. Legislative support mechanisms are required to facilitate the development of new types of tourism. Conclusion. To prevent the negative impacts of increasing tourist flow, the implementation of strategic planning tools is recommended, including integrated assessments of recreational potential, continuous monitoring of anthropogenic pres- sures, and refinement of the legal and regulatory framework.
Industrial Tourism as a Strategy for the Development of the Territory
The purpose of the research is to study and consider industrial tourism as a sub-type of tourism activity. The object of the study is industrial tourism. Using the example of Greece, the article examines the experience of industrial tourism. The development of industrial forms of tourism has been analysed as an important indicator of the development of areas that can be adapted for tourism purposes and used as tools for the economic development and restructuring of the region. The scientifi c novelty is the study of industrial fi elds as sites for industrial tourism, since cases of turning abandoned enterprises into tourist sites are becoming more successful. Materials and methods. The research is based on methods of analysis and synthesis. The work used scientifi c works of both domestic and foreign scientists. Synthesis of scientifi c articles for the period 2019-2023 showed an increase in in terest in industrial tourism among scientists. Based on the data obtained, the need for an integrated approach to the research of industrial tourism has been identifi ed. Results and discussion. To increase the profi tability of visitors, industrial enterprises began to develop tourism, trans forming their production. This type of tourism includes: excursions to the enterprise itself, museums, corporate places, parks. Conclusions. The relevance of studying the problems of industrial tourism is predetermined by its importance in solv ing the socio-economic problems of regions and the economy as a whole. The popularization of industrial tourism ensures increased demand for products, an increase in the prestige of blue-collar professions, developing tourism infrastructure, and smoothing out the uneven spatial development of territories.
Availability Dynamics of Primary Health Care to the Rural Population in the Chuvash Republic
The purpose of the study is to assess the dynamics of accessibility of primary health care to the rural popu lation of the Chuvash Republic for 2019 and 2024. Materials and methods. The analysis was carried out from the point of view of three aspects: personnel or medical coverage, geographical and integrated accessibility of medical care. The main calculations were carried out using the ma trix method, and then the growth rate for each of the municipal districts of the Chuvash Republic was calculated relative to each aspect in the allocated time period. The materials for the research were received from central district hospitals and the Ministry of Health of the Chuvash Republic. Results and discussion. Three groups of municipal districts have been identifi ed based on the growth rate of integrated availability of primary health care to the rural population of Chuvash Republic. The group with a signifi cant decrease in the growth rate of the indicator includes 9 municipal districts, where the indicator varies from -15 % to -44 %. In the category with a slight decrease in this indicator, 7 municipal districts are classifi ed, where a range of values is observed from -0.1 % to -14 %. The next group includes 5 municipal districts where there is a slight increase in the integrated accessibility indi cator, where indicators range from 0 % to 14 %. The largest decrease in this indicator was recorded in municipal districts, which were most subject to the optimization process. Conclusions. It turned out that in the vast majority of municipal districts there is a negative trend in the indicator of the integrated accessibility of primary health care. This is primarily caused by a decrease in the growth rate of geographical accessibility. However, a less negative trend regarding the dynamics of staffi ng indicators is explained by an increase in the workload of therapists and general practitioners in the treatment of most groups of diseases.
geographical accessibility of health care