Distribution and Composition of Diamond-Bearing Material in Sedimentary Strata of the Upper Paleozoic of the Siberian Platform
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17308/geology/1609-0691/2026/3/4-18Keywords:
Upper Paleozoic sedimentary deposits, Siberian platform, allothigenic and authigenic minerals, diamond mineralogyAbstract
Introduction: in recent years, prospecting for diamonds on the Siberian platform has been developing in new areas of distribution of the Upper Paleozoic deposits, primarily within the Malobotuobinsky, Morkokinsky, Srednemarkhinsky and Daldyno-Alakitsky diamond-bearing regions. They are located respectively in the southeastern, central and northeastern parts of the eastern side of the Tunguska syneclise. In this area, ancient weathering crust (CV) on terrigenous-carbonate rocks, as well as trappic formations (dolerites, tuffs and tuffaceous formations) and kimberlite formations are widely developed. In order to clarify the conditions of erosion and redeposition of products of ancient KV, we carried out a comprehensive study of the material composition of eluvium on various rocks, as well as sedimentary Upper Paleozoic deposits of the described territory.
Оbjects, research methodology and discussion of the result: the example of the Upper Paleozoic sedimentary strata of the main diamond-bearing regions of the Siberian platform (Malobotuobinsky and Daldyno-Alakitsky) shows that the deposits of the Lapchansky (P1l), Botuobinsky (P1bt) and Borulloysky (P2br) suites are characterized by clear statistical relationships between the most important terrigenous minerals in the deposits of some macrophations. This is due to the variety of sources of drift and supply of terrigenous material during the Late Paleozoic stage of sedimentation, which follows from the presence of high correlations between the minerals contained in the Upper Paleozoic deposits, which are connected by the commonality of their geological history. Significant fluctuations in the quantitative content of terrigenous and allothigenous minerals are observed not only depending on the facies environment of sediment formation, but often also on the types of sediments within the same facies. A comparative analysis of the mineral composition of the Upper Paleozoic deposits indicates some difference in the strata lying along the section, which is primarily due to the peculiarities of the concentration of erosion products and redeposition of ancient KVs widely developed in the studied region. The general pattern of distribution of kimberlite minerals in the stratigraphic horizons mentioned above is the concentration of their bulk in the basal layers, while in the rest of the section of these strata they are contained in smaller volumes. However, in the basal layers, there is also an uneven distribution of the noted minerals both in the area of individual sites and in stratigraphic horizons.
Сonclusion: the Upper Paleozoic strata of different ages in the studied area are characterized by different concentrations of erosion products and redeposition of ancient KV. The influence of weathered formations on the formation of ancient sedimentary strata can be assessed not only on the basis of petrographic study of coarse clastic material, but also on the results of a detailed study of fractions of the entire spectrum of mineral composition of these strata. Structural features of layered silicates can also be used to characterize the degree of weathering of the material in sedimentary strata. In the formation of the Upper Paleozoic
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deposits under consideration, terrigenous material introduced from distant crystalline massifs associated with redeposition from older Middle Paleozoic strata has a certain importance. The dependence of the enrichment of Upper Paleozoic deposits by the products of CV redeposition on the structural position of a specific site is established, which determines the development of a favorable paleogeographic situation for this (the foothills of slopes and fans, denudation or denudation-accumulative plain).
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