Methodology for Geoecological Typification of Reclaimed Landfills for Municipal Solid and Industrial Low-Toxicity Waste
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17308/geology/1609-0691/2026/3/121-128Keywords:
methodology of typification, landfills, ecological hazard, reclamation, engineering surveys, ecological risk, technical phase of reclamation, biological phase of reclamation, soil contamination, groundwater, environmental monitoringAbstract
Introduction or purpose: reclamation of landfills for municipal solid and industrial low-toxicity waste requires comprehensive engineering and environmental surveys and an objective assessment of their impact on the natural environment. An urgent task is the development of methods for geoecological typification of landfills according to their level of environmental hazard in order to substantiate the selection of reclamation measures and reduce environmental risks.
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Methodology: the proposed methodology is based on a comprehensive analysis of natural and technogenic factors using qualitative and quantitative criteria evaluated on a point-scale system. To characterize the state of landfills, the following indicators were applied: the total soil pollution index, the total groundwater pollution index, the filtration coefficient of underlying strata, the radiation background level, parameters of landfill area, waste volume, and operational duration, as well as the leaf symmetry coefficient of plants. The gradations of environmental hazard were determined based on the processing of 1,400 environmental and geochemical measurements carried out over a five-year period at three landfills in the Lipetsk industrial district. Based on the total score, four categories of landfill state were identified: environmental norm, environmental risk, environmental crisis, and environmental disaster.
Results and discussion: based on a comprehensive analysis of environmental and geochemical data obtained from landfills in the Lipetsk industrial district, the allocation of four gradations of environmental hazard for waste landfills (norm, risk, crisis, disaster) has been substantiated, and a system of qualitative and quantitative criteria for their typification has been developed. For each landfill type, differentiated reclamation measures for the technical and biological stages have been proposed.
Conclusion: the developed methodology allows systematization of waste landfills according to their level of environmental hazard and their differentiated assessment taking into account the state of soils, groundwater, vegetation, radiation background, and specific features of waste placement. The approbation of the methodology demonstrated its effectiveness in classifying the studied objects, which were assigned to the categories of environmental risk, crisis, and disaster. The typification results can be used to substantiate design decisions, select measures for the technical and biological stages of reclamation, improve environmental monitoring, and enhance the environmental safety of territories.
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