Silicon in carboxymethylated rice husk: electron microscopyand photoelectron spectroscopy studies

Sergey Yu. Turishchev; Olga A. Chuvenkova; Sofiia S. Titova; Kirill A. Fateev; Sergey Yu. Trebunskikh; Polina A. Chernonosova; Daniel Z. Kureshi; Semen I. Salkov; Sergey V. Kannykin; Ratibor G. Chumakov; Egor A. Shramkov; Peter K. Penskoy; Maria S. Lavlinskaya; Andrey V. Sorokin; Marina G. Holyavka

doi:10.17308/kcmf.2026.28/14224

Authors

Sergey Yu. Turishchev Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation
Olga A. Chuvenkova Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation
Sofiia S. Titova Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation
Kirill A. Fateev Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation
Sergey Yu. Trebunskikh Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation
Polina A. Chernonosova Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation
Daniel Z. Kureshi Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation
Semen I. Salkov Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation
Sergey V. Kannykin Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation
Ratibor G. Chumakov National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
Egor A. Shramkov Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт», пл. Академика Курчатова, 1, Москва 123182, Российская Федерация
Peter K. Penskoy Voronezh institute of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service, 1a, Irkutskaya st., Voronezh 394072, Russian Federation
Maria S. Lavlinskaya ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный университет», Университетская пл., 1, Воронеж 394018, Российская Федерация
Andrey V. Sorokin Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation
Marina G. Holyavka Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2026.28/14224

Keywords:

Rice grain husks, Ultrasound, Carboxymethylation, Scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersion microanalysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Morphology and composition

Abstract

Objectives: The work is dedicated to studies of the morphology and composition of particles obtained from rice production waste – carboxymethylated husk of rice grains, which contains a significant amount of silicon for crop products. The processing of rice production waste, as a rule, involves various technological processes, which may result in the composition changes of the final product up to the complete removal of silicon. An important task for research and subsequent industrial use is to establish the presence of silicon in the composition of processed rice husks.

Experimental: The preliminary milled rice husk was subjected to ultrasonic treatment followed by carboxymethylation. The materials were studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive microanalysis as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Data on the morphology of particles formed as a result of processing rice husks have been obtained. The presence of silicon atoms on the particle’s surface and in the bulk of the rice husk milling product, as well as after its processing, has been investigated.

Conclusions: Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion microanalysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been successfully applied to study rice husk processing products. The treatment included milling, ultrasound exposure and carboxymethylation. The morphology of the treated particles with sizes up to units and tens of micrometers has been studied. Silicon was detected in the studied objects both before and after processing. On the surface and within the bulk of the materials, silicon atoms were found in charge states ranging from Si0 to Si4+. Neither ultrasonic treatment nor subsequent carboxymethylation had any noticeable effect on the presence of silicon atoms or their charge states

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Author Biographies

Sergey Yu. Turishchev, Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Associate Professor, Head of the General Physics and Physical Materials Science Department, Voronezh State University (Voronezh, Russian Federation)
Olga A. Chuvenkova, Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Senior Researcher, Joint Scientific and Educational Laboratory “Atomic and Electronic Structure of Functional Materials” of Voronezh State University and the National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Voronezh State University (Voronezh, Russian Federation)
Sofiia S. Titova, Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation

Teacher of the General Physics and Physical Materials Science Department, Voronezh State University (Voronezh, Russian Federation)
Kirill A. Fateev, Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation

Junior Researcher, Joint Scientific and Educational Laboratory “Atomic and Electronic Structure of Functional Materials” of Voronezh State University and the National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Voronezh State University (Voronezh, Russian Federation)
Sergey Yu. Trebunskikh, Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Assistant Professor of the General Physics and Physical Materials Science Department, Voronezh State University (Voronezh, Russian Federation)
Polina A. Chernonosova, Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation

student of the General Physics and Physical Materials Science Department, Voronezh State University (Voronezh, Russian Federation)
Daniel Z. Kureshi, Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation

student of the General Physics and Physical Materials Science Department, Voronezh State University (Voronezh, Russian Federation)
Semen I. Salkov, Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation

student of the General Physics and Physical Materials Science Department, Voronezh State University (Voronezh, Russia)
Sergey V. Kannykin, Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Assistant Professor of the Department of Materials Science and the Industry of Nanosystems, Voronezh State University (Voronezh, Russian Federation)
Ratibor G. Chumakov, National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., Moscow 123182, Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Leading Researcher of the National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute» (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Egor A. Shramkov, Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт», пл. Академика Курчатова, 1, Москва 123182, Российская Федерация

Junior research assistant, National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute» (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Peter K. Penskoy, Voronezh institute of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service, 1a, Irkutskaya st., Voronezh 394072, Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Chief of the Organizational, Scientific and Editorial Department, Voronezh institute of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service (Voronezh, Russian Federation)
Maria S. Lavlinskaya, ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный университет», Университетская пл., 1, Воронеж 394018, Российская Федерация

Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher of the Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University (Voronezh, Russian Federation)
Andrey V. Sorokin, Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher of the Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University (Voronezh, Russian Federation)
Marina G. Holyavka, Voronezh State University, 1, Universitetskaya pl., Voronezh 394018, Russian Federation

Dr.Sci. (Biology), Professor, Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University (Voronezh, Russian Federation)

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