Problems of criminal procedure protection of personal, public and state interests affected by the commitment of a crime

Abstract

The criminal procedure law guarantees the protection of individuals and organizations that have suffered from crimes. At the same time, there are many examples of criminal cases in judicial and investigative practice where there are no victims (in the procedural sense of this concept). For example, these are crimes where the object of criminal law protection is the interests of the state and society (interests of civil service, public order, public safety, etc.). According to the position of the constitutional control body, an additional (optional) object of a criminal offense, which, in particular, may be the dignity of an individual (intangible benefit), also needs procedural protection, which cannot exclude the right to recognize as a victim the one who suffered moral suffering as a result of an attack on the interests of public authority. The author analyzes the procedural mechanisms for the protection of personal, state and public interests in criminal proceedings. Conclusions are formulated aimed at ensuring the protection of the rights of the individual - the victim, the interests of society and the state affected by the commission of a crime.