Особенности русских глаголов с суффиксом =НУ

А. А. Кретов; Ю. А. Стародубцева

doi:10.17308/lic/1680-5755/2023/2/113-126

Authors

A. A. Kretov Voronezh State University
Yu. A. Starodubtseva Voronezh State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17308/lic/1680-5755/2023/2/113-126

Keywords:

Russian, verb form, suffix =NU, inchoative, semelfactive, multiplicative, past tense

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of 1440 (according to BRUMS) verbs of the Russian language with the suffix =NU. The authors test the hypothesis about the "action-state" opposition, expressed by the presence/ absence of the suffix = NU in the past tense singular forms of verbs with the suffix = NU (vzdrogNut – vzdrogNUli / sohNut soh[Ø]li). Verbs with the suffix =NU are divided into two classes – state verbs (inchoatives) and action verbs (semelfactives). Verbs with the suffix =NU are considered against the background of the power paradigm of the verb : =NU : =Ø : =I/E : =A : =YVA (privolokNUt'sya, privolochkØt'sya, privolochIt'sya, privolokAt'sya, privolakIVAt'sya). Verbs with =NU most often form verbs with suffixes =А and = YVA: state verbs with =А verbs, and action verbs with = YVA verbs. This is another (outer) sign that marks the opposition "inchoatives: semelfactives". The segmentation of the verbs into (1) a set that loses the suffi x =NU and (2) a set that retains the suffix =NU in the singular past tense showed that all 318 inchoative verbs in this form lose the suffix =NU. The analysis of state verbs showed that 56 verbs have a single past tense stem (soh – sohla – sohlo – sohli), retaining the past tense suffix =l; 44 verbs in the past tense, singular, masculine have both allophones: with the suffix =NU and without it. For 12 state verbs, the suffix =NU is present only in in the past tense, singular, masculine and the forms past tense feminine and neuter plural verbs do not have the suffix =N (before =L). The chronological analysis of the material of the National corpus of the Russian language made it possible to establish that the described fluctuations are associated with the process of aligning the paradigm of the past tense, being aimed at restoring the suffix =L in all forms. The hypothesis about the preservation of the formal opposition of the verbs of state and action through the opposition of forms on =Ø=l_i : =NU=l__i turned out to be not only confirmed, but also supported by the external opposition of power pairs: =A (inchoatives) : =YVA (semelfactives). The appearance of =NU in the forms of singular, masculine in the past tense is not associated with the blurring of this opposition, but with the local process of leveling the subparadigm, aimed at ensuring the representation of the suffix =L in all forms of the past tense.

Author Biographies

A. A. Kretov, Voronezh State University

Doсtor of Philology, Professor of the Theoretical and Applied Linguistics Department
Yu. A. Starodubtseva, Voronezh State University

Candidate of Philology, Lecturer of the Theoretical and Applied Linguistics Department

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