METONYMY AS A MONUMENT TO SCIENTISTS AND INVENTORS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17308/lic/1680-5755/2026/2/49-57Keywords:
metonymy, transfer of meaning, metonymic shift, scientist's name, inventor's name, metonymic relationship "inventor – invention"Abstract
The object of this study is metonymic transfer of a name in the English and Russian languages. The subject of the study is metonymy based on the relations "name of inventor - invention" in the field of science and technology in the English and Russian languages. The relevance of this study is due to the need to systematize cases of one of the types of contiguity underlying the lexical metonymy of proper names (PN) and common nouns (CN) based on the relations "inventor - invention"; the need for a scientific description of the semantics of metonymic meanings that make up the periphery of lexical metonymy, which are also formed on the basis of contiguity. The aim of the study is to describe and systematize cases of lexical metonymy based on the relations "inventor - invention" in the field of science and technology, as well as its characteristics. The research methods include: semantic analysis, definitional analysis, etymological analysis, component analysis, descriptive method; classification method, and quantitative calculation method. The conducted analysis revealed a large number of lexemes formed on behalf of scientists and inventors names, which indicates an active process of metonymic shift of meanings from a person to an object. An active model of metonymic transfer based on the "inventor - invention" relationship in science and technology is the "proper name – common noun” (PN – CN) model. In the field of production of weapons systems and automobile engineering, a tradition has been established of assigning the names of inventors or the companies manufacturing them to their products. A special group of units of measurement in physics, chemistry, mathematics, and other sciences are those named after the scientists who first discovered certain phenomena. The authors of this article consider such cases of metonymy as memorials to scientists and inventors, the authors of scientific discoveries.
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