Economic and legal analysis of financing projects

Abstract

Purpose: this research examines the financial and legal relationships surrounding the implementation of innovative projects for constructing next-generation thermonuclear installations, specifically the T-15MD, Ignitor, and Sfera tokamaks. Discussion: the study aims to identify credible risk factors affecting the financial sustainability of Russian tokamaks and benchmark them against the competitive energy generation landscape. Research design: the research design employs an analysis of the existing legal framework governing budgetary R&D subsidies, as well as an assessment of fusion energy prospects within the context of global decarbonization trends and a comparison with conventional and renewable energy sources based on data published by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Energy Institute. Results: the findings confirm the potential of fusion energy for Russia as a complement to renewables, contingent on establishing a comprehensive financing model, reorienting government support toward applied materials and hybrid neutron sources, developing an LCOE (Levelized Cost of Energy) assessment methodology, and mitigating information risks.