Development of grain production in the Russian Federation: problems and prospects

Abstract

Importance: the subject of this study is to improve the macroeconomic regulation of the development of the grain complex. Purpose: to analyze the current state of the grain complex of the Russian Federation and assess the prospects for its development in the current economic conditions. Research design: the problems of our country’s economic development under the conditions of sanctions restrictions and the need to overcome the «bottlenecks» of economic growth in agriculture, including in order to strengthen food security, predetermined the direction of this empirical study. It takes into account the results obtained by scientists on the specifics of reproduction in the agrosphere, economic analysis, foresight, and prediction of the dynamics of natural and socioeconomic processes [1-4, 6-12]. The materials for the study were statistical data characterizing the development of the grain complex of the Russian Federation, federal districts, and the Voronezh Region, as well as our own calculations. Results: the dynamics of the main indicators of grain production sizes since 1990 has been analyzed and the reasons for their changes have been indicated. The contribution of the federal districts of the Russian Federation to the formation of the grain fund in 2023-2024, as well as in 2025, is determined. It is shown that the Voronezh Region is a large agricultural region in the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation. An assessment of the volume of shortage and excess of grain in the regions of the Russian Federation has been carried out. From the standpoint of ensuring the food security of the Russian Federation, the volumes and priority directions of export (sale) of grain produced in the Voronezh region have been determined, taking into account competitive advantages in logistics. The practical use of the obtained results can contribute to improving the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex and strengthening food security in the Russian Federation.