Analysis of methods and techniques for disposal of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2025.25/13569Keywords:
unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, dispozal, degradation, adsorption, catalytic, physical, biological neutral-isation techniques, detoxication of environmental conditionsAbstract
Unsymmetric dimethylhydrazine (UDMG) is widely used in the national economy. When released into the environment as a result of industrial accidents or rocket and space activities, UDMG undergoes a number of physico-chemical transformations: it oxidizes in air, dissolves in water bodies, evaporates from the surface, is sorbed by soil, processed by microorganisms, and accumulates in plant tissues. The environmental hazard of this toxicant is determined by its high volatility, unlimited solubility in water, and ability to migrate. As a result of the impact of UDMG and toxic products of its transformation on the environment, irreversible negative changes in the biosphere can occur. The search for new ways to neutralize UDMG and its transformation products in ecosystems is an urgent task, it is inextricably linked with the development of new effective technologies for the degradation and disposal of UDMG. The concepts of the best available technologies, ready for practical implementation in industry, and green technologies are based on a common principle of preventing the negative effects of ecotoxicants on the environment. The adsorption, catalytic, biological, physical and chemical methods of purification of ecosystems from toxic UDMG are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the main methods of purification of water, air and soil from UDMG by sorption, oxidation, mineralization and degradation to safe or less harmful products has been carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods and the development trends of the proposed approaches are discussed. There is a growing interest in the use of renewable sources of raw materials and energy, as well as methods of green chemistry.
The search for cheap and effective sorbents, the improvement of technologies for the regeneration and disposal of contaminated sorbents are the most important tasks of the adsorption method of detoxification of the biosphere. Biological methods are the most environmentally friendly, energy efficient, produce few dangerous by-products, and do not require the addition of oxidizing agents and adsorbents. However, the biodegradation of UDMG is seriously limited by the sensitivity of living organisms to environmental conditions, their inability to work with large volumes and concentrations of ecotoxicants. Improved oxidation processes of UDMG due to the use of green and solar energy are the most promising methods of detoxification of the environment. Further development of methods of photocatalysis, cavitation, oxidation with ozone, hydrogen peroxide, supercritical water, microwave oxidation and oxidation in low-temperature plasma is associated with the search and creation of new effective catalysts, increasing their photochemical activity in the field of visible light, stability and durability, abandoning chemical reagents and oxidants, and improving technological processes. Other physical and chemical methods of purification of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere from UDMG pollution are less energy efficient, require a large number of chemical reagents, lead to the formation of toxic waste, eliminate only part of the products of UDMG transformation, have high cost and are labor-intensive.
The purpose of the work is a comparative analysis of successfully developing technologies for the degradation and disposal of UDMG, friendly to the environment and humans, as well as a discussion of trends in the further development and improvement of the proposed approaches.
Downloads
References
Milyushkin A.L. Karnaeva A.E., Sci. To-tal Environ., 2023; 891: 164367-164384.
Karnaeva A.E., Milyushkin A.L., Yarykin D.I., J. Food Composit. Analysis, 2025; 141: 107345-107350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107345
Dallas J.A., Raval S., Gaitan J.P., Saydam S., Dempster A.G., J. Cleaner Pro-duction, 2020; 255: 120209-120219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120209
Koroleva T.V., Semenkov I.N., Kre-chetov P.P., Lednev S.A., Eurasian Soil Sci., 2023; 56: 210-225. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229322602001
Buryak A.K., Serdyuk T.M., Russ. Chem. Rev., 2013; 82(4): 369-392. https://doi.org/10.1070/rc2013v082n04abeh004304
Du J., Ren X., Zeng Y., Zhang L., Shi J., Yang S., Toxics, 2025; 13: 859-880. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13100859
Nguyen H.N., Chenoweth J.A., Bebarta V.S., Albertson T.E., Nowadly C.D., Mil. Med., 2021; 186: 319-326.
Koroleva T.V., Semenkov I.N., Lednev S.A., Soldatova O.S., Eurasian Soil Sci., 2023; 56: 210-225. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229322602001
Meshalkin V.P., Kulov N.N., Guseva T.V., Tihonova I.O., Burvikova Yu.N., Bhimany Ch., Schelchkov K.A., Theor. foun-dations chem. technology, 2022; 56 (6): 670-677. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0040357122060124 (in Russ.)
Spravochnik po toksikologii I gigienich-eskim normativam (PDK) potencialno opasnih himicheskih veschestv / Pod. Red. V.S.Kushnevoi, R.B. Gorshkovoi. M.: IzdAT, 1999, 250 p. (In Russ.)
Glushko A.N., Meshalkin V.P., Matasov A.V., Chelnokov V.V., Priorov G.G. Patent RF, no. 2711492, 2019.
Hu C, Zhang Y., Zhou Y, Liu Z, Feng X., J. Hazard. Mater., 2022; 432: 128708-128729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128708
Kolesnikov S.V. Oxidation of asymmet-ric dimethylhydrazine (heptyl) and identifica-tion of its transformation products during straits. Novosibirsk: SibAK, 2014, 110 p. (in Russ.)
Kosyakov D.S., Ul’yanovskii N.V., Pikovskoi I.I., Kenessov B.N., Bakaikina N.V., Zhubatov Z., Lebedev A.T., Chemo-sphere, 2019; 228: 335-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.141
Messineva E., Fetisov A., Manuilova N., Ecology and industry of Russia, 2018; 22(8): 55-59. https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2018-8-55-59
Rodin I.A., Moskvin D.N., Smolenkov A.D., Shpigun O.A., Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A, 2008; 82(6): 911-915. https://doi.org/10.1134/s003602440806006X
Krechetov P.P., Kasimov N.S., Koroleva T.V., Dokl. Earth Sci., 2015; 464: 1080-1082.
Zhang X., Guo Z.R., Sun P.F., Liu X.Y., Luo Z., Li J.Y., Zhang D.X., Xu X.Y., Sep. Purif. Technol., 2023; 312: 123425-123445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123425
Berezkin V.I. Uglerod. Zamknutie na-nochastici, makrostrukturi, materiali. Sankt-Peterburg: AtrErgo, 2013, 280-320 p. (in Russ.).
Wang H., Jia Y., Diamond Related Ma-ter., 2021; 117: 108457-108460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2021.108457
Saheed I.O., Oh W.D., Suah F.B.M., Hazard. Mater., 2021; 408: 124889-124897.
Wang H.Y., Jia Y., J. Mol. Liq., 2023; 386: 122240-122250.
Semushina M.P., Bogolitsyn K.G., Ko-zhevnikov A.Y., Kosyakov D.S., Iranian J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 2018; 37(5): 75-83.
Kozhevnikov A.Y., Ul'yanovskaya S.I., Semushina M.P., Pokryshkin S.A., Ladesov A.V., Pikovskoi I.I., Kosyakov D.S, Russ. J. Appl. Chem., 2017; 90(4): 516-521. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427217040048
Golub S.L., Lugovskaya I.G., Anufrieva S.I., Dubinchuk V.T., Ulyanov A.V., Buryak A.K., Sorbtsionnye i Khromatograficheskie Protsessy, 2006; 6(5): 748-763 (in Russ.).
Ulyanov A.V., Polunin K.E., Polunina I.A., Buryak A.K., Colloid. J., 2018; 80(1): 96-106. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061933X18010131
Polunin K.E., Ulyanov A.V., Polunina I.A., Buryak A.K., J. Appl. Chem., 2020; 93(6): 861-871. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427220060136
Polunin K.E., Ulyanov A.V., Polunina I.A., Buryak A.K., Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 2021; 95(3): 530-537. https://doi.org/10.31857/S004445372103016X
Goncharova I.S., Polunina I.A., Polunin K.E., Buryak A.K., Sorbtsionnye i Khromato-graficheskie Protsessy, 2018; 18(5): 659-667. https://doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2018.18/592 (in Russ.).
Yartzev S.D., Milyushkin A.L, Hesina Z.B., Petuhova G.A., Buryak A.K., Sorbtsionnye i Khromatograficheskie Protsessy, 2017; 17(2): 212-219. https://doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2017.18/592 (in Russ.).
Efremov S., Nechipurenko S., Tokmur-zin D., Kaiaidarova A.K., Kalugin S., Tassibe-kov K.S., Environ. Technol. Innov., 2021; 24: 101962-101972.
Koroleva T.V., Semenkov I.N., Lednev S.A., Soldatova O.S., Soil Science, 2023; 2: 240-258. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0032180X22600998
Semushina M.P., Bogolitsyn K.G., Ko-zhevnikov A.Yu., Kosyakov D.S., Ecology and industry of Russia, 2012; 7: 58-60. https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2012-7-58-60
Minenkova I.V., Ulyanov A.V., Popova S.V., Sobolev A.A., Buryak A.K. Patent RF, no. 2765077, 2021.
Manshev D.A., Popov O.V., Ostrov-skaya V.M., Davidovsky N.V., Prokopenko O.A., Buryak A.K., Ulyanov A.V., Golub S.L., Lugovskaya I.G., Anufrieva S.I. Patent RF, no. 2253520, 2004.
Wu, G.Q., Wang Z.Y., Yang C.L., Wang H.L., Nie W.Z., Phys. Fluids., 2024; 36: 023321-023329.
Chai Y., Chen X., Wang Y., Guo X., Zhang R., Wei H., Jin H., Li Z., Ma L., Sci. Total Environ., 2023; 873:162264-162275.
Yi L., Guo L., Jin H., Kou J., Zhang D., Wang R., Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2018; 43: 8644-8654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.03.092
Saravanan V.C., Deivayanai P.S., Ku-mar G., Rangasamy R.V., Hemavathy T., Harshana N., Gayathri K., Alagumalai A., Chemosphere, 2022; 308: 136524-136529.
Su J., Jia Y., Shi M.L., Wang H.Q., Wang Q.R., Shen K.K., Zhang J.Q., Zhu X.Y., Chem. Eng. J., 2025; 506: 159378.-159381.
Guo Z., Cheng Y., Zhang Z., Ind. Water Treat., 2021. 41: 94-98.
Wang J., Tong W., Wang X., Li P., Yan H., Zhang Y., Sep. Purif. Technology, 2023; 327(15): 124849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2023.124849
Yi Z., Qing Z., Wang D., Jiang M., Wang Y., Huang Y., Chinese J. Energetic Ma-terials, 2022; 30(10): 1013-1021.
Scholtz V., Pazlarova J., Souskova H., Khun J., Julak J., Biotechnol. Adv, 2015; 33: 1108-1119.
Torabi A.M., Ghiaee R., J. Taiwan Insti-tute Chem. Eng., 2015; 49: 142-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2014.11.008
Zharikov G.A., Krainova O.A., Kapranov V.V., Kapranova V.V., Dyadishche-va V.P., Kiseleva N.I. Patent RF, no. 2236453, 2002.
Zabokritsky A.A., Savinykh D.Y., Tarabara A.V., Zorin A.D, Zabokritsky N.A., Khmeleva M.V., Savinykh S.D. Patent RF, no. 2650864, 2017.
Zharikov G.A., Krainova O.A., Khaitov M.R., Marchenko A.I., Medicine of extreme situations, 2022; 24(3): 27-38. https://doi.org/10.47183/mes.2022.031
Hajizadeh Y., Amin M.-M., Ebrahim K., Parseh I., Atmos. Pollut. Res., 2018; 9(1): 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2017.06.007
Nikolaikina N.E., Nikolaikin N.I., Scien-tific Bulletin of MGTU GA, 2020; 23(03): 73-82 (in Russ.).
Ivanova E., Osipova M., Vasilieva T., Zazhivihina E., Smirnova S., Mitrasov Y., Na-sakin O., Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2023; 24(4): 17196-17202. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417196.
Nasakin O.E., Ivanova E.S., Maryasov M.A., Andreeva V.V., Lodochnikova O.A., Mendeleev Commun., 2023; 33(6): 856-857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2023.10.039
Ivanova E., Maryasov M., Andreeva V., Osipova M., Lodochnikova O., Nasakin O.E., Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2023; 24(6):13076-13082. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713076
