Mesoporous Silicas of Varying Degrees of Ordering in Biomedical Applications (Review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2026.26/13694Keywords:
mesoporous silica, MCM-41, SBA-15, targeted drug deliveryAbstract
This paper examines the rapidly developing field of utilizing ordered silicas as nanostructured sorbents and promising carriers in nanomedicine. The fundamental features of MCM-41, SBA-15, FDU-12, and KIT-6 analogs are discussed, along with the main directions of their application for targeted drug delivery. The specifics of the synthesis and characterization of the properties of mesoporous silicas as potential sorbents (drug carriers) are considered. Mesoporous silicas are discussed as one of the most frequently used inorganic materials in nanomedicine. Interest in such materials is driven by their porosity, characterized by a developed surface area and a large number of orderly arranged pores with diameters of 2–50 nm. A brief description and history of the application of the most common types of mesoporous materials based on silicon dioxide are presented.
It is noted that mesoporous materials, as hydrophobic sorbents, can improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs. This is attributed to the non-crystalline state of the sorbed drug within the mesopores, the high dispersity of the sorbent with its large surface area, and enhanced wettability due to the hydrophilic surface of the mesoporous silicas. Owing to the features of their ordered structure and excellent sorption properties, mesoporous silica nanoparticles can be widely used as carriers for both active and passive targeted drug delivery. Furthermore, mesoporous silicas can act as support materials for the delivery of various nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, and iron oxide-based nanoparticles. A wide range of applications in medical practice for inorganic nanocomposites based on MCM-41, SBA-15, FDU-12, KIT-6, and other silicas with ordered mesopore systems is noted.
The high biological safety of these ordered materials suggests the potential effectiveness of nanomedicines for oral and parenteral administration, as well as in bioimaging and photothermal therapy systems. Attention is focused on the potential application of sorbent nanoparticles for overcoming biological barriers in various diseases, including diabetes, inflammatory, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases, and cancer.
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