Study of the effect of Bacillus subtilis bacteria on the production of the mycotoxin zearalenone by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum according to HPLC data
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2026.26/14189Keywords:
mycotoxins, zearalenone, Fusarium oxysporum, Bacillus subtilis.Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of microscopic fungi that can accumulate in plant crops during their cultivation, as well as in case of violation of storage conditions. These compounds have a negative impact on human and animal health due to their possible content in food and feed. In this regard, it is necessary to control the accumulation of mycotoxins in plant materials. Currently, one of such approaches is the use of bacteria capable of producing substances with high antifungal activity. Zearalenone was chosen as a mycotoxin in this study as one of the most common substances. The purpose of this research is the chromatographic determination of zearalenone in culture fluid with sample preparation using the QuEChERS method to study the possibility of reducing the production of toxic compounds (using the example of the specified mycotoxin) by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum and gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis.
Deep cultivation of Fusarium oxysporum and Bacillus subtilis cultures was carried out together in a liquid nutrient medium of wort-broth in a ratio of 1:1. Sample preparation of the culture fluid was carried out by the QuEChERS method (fast, simple, cheap, efficient, reliable and safe), which includes liquid-liquid extraction between an aqueous phase containing anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride and an acetonitrile layer. The second stage consisted of additional sample purification on silica gel. Zearalenone was determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The degree of zearalenone extraction from model solutions reached 88±3%, the linearity of the analytical signal was observed at concentrations of 5-50 μg/ml, the detection limit and the determination limit were 0.8 and 2.5 μg/l, respectively.
Analysis of the Fusarium oxysporum culture fluid showed that the ZON content was 4.6±1.2 μg/l. In the presence of Bacillus subtilis bacteria, the zearalenone content in the culture fluid was below the detection limit, which confirms the ability of the bacteria in question to reduce the production of toxic compounds.
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