Индикаторная роль щелочно-базальтоидного вулканизма и вихревой геодинамики в происхождении алмазов нетрадиционного типа Западно-тихоокеанской зоны перехода континент–океан
Аннотация
Bведение: Впервые поставлен вопрос о перспективности в отношении алмазов нетрадиционного генезиса Западно-Тихоокеанской зоны перехода. В кайнозое тектономагматическая активизация зоны перехода осуществлялась под воздействием нижнемантийных плюмов – апофиз Африканского и Тихоокеанского суперплюмов, адиабатическое плавление, которых приводило к вспышкам WPB вулканизма CAB и OIB-типа, соответственно. Плюмовый апвеллинг способствовал выносу алмазов из зоны их устойчивости. Источником углерода служили карбонатные толщи субдуцирующей плиты или сверхглубинные водородно-метановые газы, поднимающиеся от границы ядро–нижняя мантия. Методика: Методы исследования заключались в выявлении разломов и структур центрального типа. Определения радиоизотопного возраста, петролого-геохимического состава и радиогенных изотопов Pb, Nd и Sr проводились в аналитических центрах России, Германии и США. Результаты и обсуждение: Петролого-геохимические свойства щелочных базальтоидов указывают на принадлежность CAB- и OIB-типов вулканизма, главным образом, к тефрит-лейцитовой, камафугитовой и лампроитовой сериям, что может служить одним из критериев потенциальной алмазоносности этой зоны. К другим критериям относятся: 1) наличие древнего фундамента и ослабленного тектонического каркаса зоны перехода; 2) вихревая геодинамика, способствовавшая затягиванию алмазосодержащих мантийных расплавов в циклонические и антициклонические вихри. Выводы: Окраинные моря и участки окружающей суши можно отнести к объектам, перспективным на обнаружение мелких алмазов в местах проявления OIB вулканизма, а более масштабных скоплений крупных кристаллов в областях активизации древних платформ и проявления CAB вулканизма.
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Литература
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