Особенности коры выветривания кимберлитов северо-востока Анголы
Ключевые слова:
кора выветривания, кимберлиты, вулканогенно-осадочные образования, африканский континент
Аннотация
Bведение: Приведены результаты комплексного изучения геологического строения и вещественного состава коры выветривания кимберлитов северо-востока Анголы. Важной задачей прикладного характера является оценка степени обогащения коры выветривания глубинными минералами для вопросов прогнозирования и поисков новых месторождений алмазов как коренного, так и рассыпного типов. Методика: В качестве эталонного объекта выбрана кимберлитовая трубка Катока, характеризующаяся не только незначительным эрозионным срезом и сохранением кратерной постройки, а и широким петрографическим спектром пород и их интенсивным постмагматическим и гипергенным изменением. Для изучения геологического строения и вещественного состава кор выветривания слабо эродированных кимберлитовых трубок Анголы была собрана коллекция штуфных образцов и протолочных проб из верхних горизонтов трубки Катока и ряда других тел этого поля, а также вмещающих кимберлиты пород. Результаты и обсуждение: В кимберлитовой трубке Катока выделяется два генетических типа пород: собственно кимберлиты с их производными и комплекс вулканогенно-осадочных образований, заполняющих верхние части кратера диатремы. В целом, профиль коры выветривания разделён на две части: нижнюю и верхнюю. Нижняя часть (зона дезинтеграции) представлена слабо изменёнными автолитовыми кимберлитовыми брекчиями, трещиноватыми и частично обохрёнными. Верхняя, наиболее гипергенно изменённая зона, в свою очередь, разделена на карбонатную и бескарбонатную. Заключение: Отмечено два процесса изменения кимберлитовых пород региона. Первый – поэтапное превращение оливина в высокотемпературный, затем и низкотемпературный серпентин. Второй –деградация серпентина с одновременным возникновением серии разбухающих минералов, начиная с сапонита через ряд промежуточно метастабильных смешанослойных образований, из которых впервые идентифицированная упорядоченная разновидность лизардит-сапонита является относительно наиболее устойчивой по сравнению с другими упорядоченными смешанослойными фазами триоктаэдрического типа, что подчёркивает специфические условия формирования коры выветривания кимберлитов африканского региона.
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Литература
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17. Stegnitskiy Yu. B., Abramov V. Yu., Kukuy I. M. Prognozno-poiskovaya model' almazonosnoi trubki severo-vostoka Angoly. [Prediction and exploration model of a diamondiferous pipe in the northeast Angola]. Sb.: Effektivnost' geologorazvedochnykh rabot na almazy: prognozno-resursnye, metodicheskie i innovatsionno-tekhnologicheskie napravleniya ikh povysheniya. [Sat.: Efficiency of exploration works on diamonds: forecast-resource, methodological and innovative-technological directions of their increase], Mirny, MGT, 2018, pp. 185–190. (In Russ.).
18. Gulevskaya N. S., Nikolaevа E. V., Stegnitskiy Yu. B., Romanova E. A. Mineralogicheskie osobennosti kimberlitovykh tel yugo-zapadnoi chasti almazonosnogo raiona Lunda, Angola. [Mineralogical features of kimberlite bodies in the southwestern part of diamondiferous region of Lunda, Angola]. Sb.: Effektivnost' geologorazvedochnykh rabot na almazy: prognozno-resursnye, metodicheskie i innovatsionno-tekhnologicheskie napravleniya ikh povysheniya. [Sat.: Efficiency of exploration works on diamonds: forecast-resource, methodological and innovative-technological directions of their increase], Mirny, MGT, 2018, pp. 72–77. (In Russ.).
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23. Zinchuk N. N. Postmagmaticheskie mineraly kimberlitov. [Post-magmatic minerals of kimberlite]. Moscow, Nedra publ., 2000, 538 p. (In Russ.).
24. Zinchuk N. N., Stegnitskiy Yu. B. Produkty vyvetrivaniya kimberlitovykh porod kak dopolnitel'nyi kriterii pri poiskovo-razvedochnykh rabotakh na almazy (na primere trubok Nakynskogo polya Yakutii i Katoka, Angola) Angoly [Kimberlite weathering products as an additional criterion for prospecting and exploration for diamonds (on the example of pipes of the Nakyn field of Yakutia and Catoca, Angola) Angola]. Sb.: Geologiya almazov - nastoyashchee i budushchee (geologi k 50-letnemu yubileyu g.Mirnyi i almazodobyvayushchei promyshlennosti Rossii. [Sat: Geology of diamonds – the present and the future (geologists on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Mirny and the diamond mining industry of Russia)], Voronezh: VSU, 2005, pp. 1369–1383. (In Russ.).
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27. Zinchuk N. N., Kotelnikov D. D., Stegnitskiy Yu. B., Zhukhlistov A. P. Stadiinost' i napravlennost' preobrazovaniya serpentina i flogopita v kimberlitakh trubki Katoka (Angola) [The staged and directional transformation of serpentine and phlogopite in kimberlites of the Catoca pipe (Angola)]. Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, 2005, no. 2, pp. 16–23. (In Russ.).
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2. Dawson J. Kimberlity i ksenolity v nikh. [Kimberlites and xenoliths inside them]. Moscow: Mir publ., 1983, 300 p. (In Russ.).
3. Zinchuk N. N., Savko A. D., Kraynov A. V. Kimberlity v istorii Zemli. [Kimberlites in history of the Earth]. Trudy Nauchno-issledovatel'skogo Instituta Geologii [The work of the Research Institute of Geology], Voronezh, VSU Publ., vol. 68, 2013, 99 p. (In Russ.).
4. Zinchuk N. N., Savko A. D., Shevyrev L. T. Istoricheskaya minerageniya. [Historical Minerageny]. In 3 vol. Vol. 1. Vvedenie v istoricheskuyu minerageniyu [Introduction to historical minerageny]. Voronezh, VSU publ., 2005, 587 p; Vol. 2. Istoricheskaya minerageniya drevnikh platform. [Historical Minerageny of Ancient Platforms]. Voronezh, VSU publ., 2007, 570 p. Vol. 3. Istoricheskaya minerageniya podvizhnykh superpoyasov. [Historical minerageny of mobile superbelts]. Voronezh, VSU publ., 622 p. (In Russ.).
5. Kharkiv A. D., Zinchuk N. N., Kryuchkov A. I. Korennye mestorozhdeniya almazov Mira. [Indigenous deposits of diamonds of the World]. Moscow, Nedra publ., 1998, 555 p. (In Russ.).
6. Zinchenko V. N. Kimberlites of the northeast Angola. Geological structure, diamond content, diamonds. Saarbrucken, Palmarium Academic Publ., 2014, 240 c.
7. Zinchuk N. N., Savko A. D., Shevyrev L. T. Tektonika i almazonosnyi magmatizm. [Tectonics and diamondiferous magmatism]. Voronezh, VSU publ., 2004, 426 p. (In Russ.).
8. Zuev V. M., Kharkiv A. D., Zinchuk N. N., Mackenda A. Slaboerodirovannye kimberlitovye trubki Angoly. [Weakly eroded kimberlite pipes of Angola]. Geology and Geophysics, 1988, no. 3, pp. 56–62. (In Russ.).
9. Rotman A. Ya., Zinchuk N. N., Nosyko S. F., Egorov K. N., Black S. D., Stegnitskiy Yu. B., Bondarenko A. T., Vasilenko V. B., Kryuchkov A. I. Model' slaboerodirovannykh kimberlitovykh diatrem na primere trubki Katoka (Angola). [A model of weakly eroded kim- berlite diatremes through the example of the Catoca pipe (Angola)]. Sb.: Geologicheskie aspekty mineral'no-syr'evoi bazy AK «ALROSA»: sovremennoe sostoyanie, perspektivy, resheniya [Sat.: Geological as- pects of the mineral resources base of AK ALROSA: current status, prospects, solutions]. Mirny, MGT, 2003, pp.152–169. (In Russ.).
10. Ganga J., Zinchenko V. N., Nosyko S. F., Rotman A. Ya. Almazonosnost' i perspektivy obnaruzheniya novykh kimberlitovykh mestorozhdenii na severo-vostoke Angoly. [Diamond content and prospects for the discovery of new kimberlite deposits in the north-east of Angola]. Regional geology and metallogeny, 2004, No 22, pp. 116–123. (In Russ.).
11. Nosyko S. F., Rotman A. Ya. Geologiya i veshchestvennyi sostav kimberlitovoi trubki Katoka (Angola). [The specifics of kimberlite occurrences and the diamond potential of the north-east of Angola]. Sb.: Problemy prognozirovaniya, poiskov i izucheniya mestorozhdenii poleznykh iskopaemykh na poroge XXI veka [Sat.: Problems of forecasting, searching and studying of mineral deposits on the threshold of the 21st century], Voronezh, VSU, 2003, pp 102–108. (In Russ).
12. Rotman A. Ya., Zinchuk N. N., Nosyko S. F., Kryuchkov A. I., Egorov K. N., Stegnitskiy Yu. B. Geologiya i veshchestvennyi sostav kimberlitovoi trubki Katoka (Angola). [Geology and material composition of the Catoca kimberlite pipe (Angola)]. Sb.: Problemy prognozirovaniya, poiskov i izucheniya mestorozhdenii poleznykh iskopaemykh na poroge XXI veka [Sat.: Problems of forecasting, prospecting and studying of mineral deposits on the threshold of the 21st century]. Voronezh, VSU, 2003, pp. 111–121. (In Russ.).
13. Rotman A. Ya., Zinchuk N. N., Nosyko S. F., Shimuni Zh. Osnovnye geneticheskie tipy almaznykh mestorozhdenii severo-vostoka Angoly. [The main genetic types of diamond deposits in the northeast Angola]. Sb.: Geologiya almazov – nastoyashchee i budushchee (geologi k 50-letnemu yubileyu g.Mirnyi i almazodobyvayushchei promyshlennosti Rossii). [Sat: Geology of diamonds – the present and the future (geologists on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Mirny and diamond mining industry of Russia)]. Voronezh, VSU, 2005, pp. 594–609. (In Russ.).
14. Zinchuk N. N., Stegnitskiy Yu. B., Zinchuk M. N. Produkty vyvetrivaniya kimberlitovykh porod i ikh rol' pri obrazovanii rossypei almazov (na primere trubok Nakynskogo polya i Katoka). [Weathering products of kimberlite rocks and their role in the formation of diamond placers (for example, pipes of the Nakynsky field and Catoca)]. Sb.: Prirodnye i tekhnogennye rossypi. Problemy. Resheniya. Trudy III Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Sat.: Natural and man-made placers. The problems. The solutions. Proceedings of the III International Scientific and Practical Conference]. Simferopol, 2007, pp. 160–167. (In Russ.).
15. Rotman A. Ya., Zinchuk N. N., Aschepkov I.V., Egorov K. N. Kimberlitovyi magmatizm i voprosy almazonosnosti [Kimberlite magmatism and diamond bearing issues]. Sb.: Problemy prognozirovaniya, poiskov i izucheniya mestorozhdenii poleznykh iskopaemykh na poroge XXI veka [Sat.: Problems of forecasting, prospecting and studying of mineral deposits on the threshold of the 21st century]. Voronezh, VSU, 2003, pp. 856–891. (In Russ.).
16. Stegnitskiy Yu. B., Kolesnik A. Yu., Kukuy I. M., Antonova N. V. Geokhronologicheskaya kharakteristika nekotorykh kimberlitovykh tel severo-vostoka Angoly [Geochronological characteristics of some kimberlite bodies of the northeast Angola]. Sb.: Effektivnost' geologorazvedochnykh rabot na almazy: prognozno-resursnye, metodicheskie i innovatsionno-tekhnologicheskie napravleniya ikh povysheniya. [Sat.: Efficiency of exploration works on diamonds: forecast-resource, methodological and innovative-technological directions of their increase]. Mirny, MGT, 2018, pp. 191–195. (In Russ.).
17. Stegnitskiy Yu. B., Abramov V. Yu., Kukuy I. M. Prognozno-poiskovaya model' almazonosnoi trubki severo-vostoka Angoly. [Prediction and exploration model of a diamondiferous pipe in the northeast Angola]. Sb.: Effektivnost' geologorazvedochnykh rabot na almazy: prognozno-resursnye, metodicheskie i innovatsionno-tekhnologicheskie napravleniya ikh povysheniya. [Sat.: Efficiency of exploration works on diamonds: forecast-resource, methodological and innovative-technological directions of their increase], Mirny, MGT, 2018, pp. 185–190. (In Russ.).
18. Gulevskaya N. S., Nikolaevа E. V., Stegnitskiy Yu. B., Romanova E. A. Mineralogicheskie osobennosti kimberlitovykh tel yugo-zapadnoi chasti almazonosnogo raiona Lunda, Angola. [Mineralogical features of kimberlite bodies in the southwestern part of diamondiferous region of Lunda, Angola]. Sb.: Effektivnost' geologorazvedochnykh rabot na almazy: prognozno-resursnye, metodicheskie i innovatsionno-tekhnologicheskie napravleniya ikh povysheniya. [Sat.: Efficiency of exploration works on diamonds: forecast-resource, methodological and innovative-technological directions of their increase], Mirny, MGT, 2018, pp. 72–77. (In Russ.).
19. Kharkiv A. D., Levin V. I., Mackenda A., Safronov A. F. Kimberlitovaya trubka Kamafuka-Kamazambo (Angola) – samaya krupnaya v mire [The kimberlite pipe Kamafuka Kamazambo (Angola) is the largest in the world]. Izv. AN SSSR = Izv. USSR, Academy of Sciences, 1992, no. 6, pp. 114–123. (In Russ.).
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Опубликован
2020-06-26
Как цитировать
Зинчук, Н. Н., & CтегницкийЮ. Б. (2020). Особенности коры выветривания кимберлитов северо-востока Анголы. Вестник ВГУ. Серия: Геология, (2), 6-19. https://doi.org/10.17308/geology.2020.2/2856
Выпуск
Раздел
Палеонтология, литология, стратиграфия
