Гидрогеохимическая характеристика подземных вод неогеновых отложений Палео-Волги в пределах территории г. Казань
Ключевые слова:
подземные воды, палеодолина, неогеновый комплекс, гидрохимия, статистика, ГИС, техногенез, мониторинг, Волга, Казань
Аннотация
Введение: Одним из источников питьевого и промышленного водоснабжения г. Казань считается водоносный неогеновый терригенный комплекс. Целью исследования является гидрогеохимическая характеристика подземных вод неогенового комплекса для обеспечения г. Казани качественной питьевой водой из защищенных подземных источников. Методика: Использованы гидрохимические данные из геологических отчетов и архивные материалы за период с 1971 по 2017 гг. Методы математической статистики (базовые, кластерный и факторный анализы) позволили провести дифференциацию на природные и техногенные компоненты. Геоинформационное моделирование с применением пакета «ArcGisMap» показало пространственную изменчивость основных компонентов в водах неогенового комплекса на рубеже XX и XXI столетий. Результаты и обсуждение: В исследуемом водоносном комплексе выделены 2 группы компонентов: «природный» и «техногенный». К природным компонентам отнесены гидрокарбонаты, магний, кальций, минерализация, общая жесткость. Техногенными компонентами являются хлориды, общее железо, натрий и калий. В XXI веке выросла техногенная нагрузка на подземные водозаборные скважины централизованного водоснабжения из неогенового комплекса, что связано с их большим (40–50 лет) эксплуатационным сроком. Заключение: Гидрохимические показатели водоносного неогенового терригенного комплекса оцениваются как благоприятные, так как практически все основные компоненты не превышают значений ПДК для питьевых вод. Высокое качество подземных вод палеодолины Волги позволяет считать их самым перспективным объектом водоснабжения Казани из подземных источников.
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Литература
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2. Bocharov V. L., Strogonova L. N., Ovchinnikova E. S. Problems of study and use of underground drinking water resources of the Voronezh region. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Geologiya – Proceedings of Voronezh State University. Series: Geology, 2010, no. 1, pp. 243–251. (In Russ.)
3. Zlobina V. L., Medovar Yu. A., Yushmanov I. O. Transformatsiya sostava i svoistv podzemnykh vod pri izmeneniyakh okruzhayushchei sredy [Transformation of the composition and properties of groundwater under environmental changes]. Moscow, Mir nauki publ., 2017, 191 p. (In Russ.)
4. Kosinova I. I., Sigora G. A., Nichkova L. A., Dobrovolskaya E. V., Simonova E. S. Monitoring of contamination by nitrate ions of groundwater in the cities of Sevastopol and Bakhchisarai. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Geologiya = Proceedings of Voronezh State University. Series: Geology,2016, no. 3, pp. 123–127. (In Russ.)
5. Krainov S. R., Ryzhenko B. N., Shvets V. M. Geokhimiya podzemnykh vod. Teoreticheskie, prikladnye i ekologicheskie aspekty [Geochemistry of underground waters. Theoretical, applied and environmental aspects]. Moscow, Nauka publ., 2004, 677 s. (In Russ.)
6. Tekhnogennye protsessy v podzemnykh vodakh [Technogenic processes in groundwater]. Ed. prof. I.K. Gavich. Moscow, Nauchnyi mir publ., 2003, 248 p. (In Russ.)
7. Musin R. Kh., Kurlyanov N. A., Fayzrakhmanova Z. G., Musina R. Z. O kachestve vody, ispol'zuemoi v sistemakh pit'evogo vodosnabzheniya g. Kazani [About the quality of waters used in drinking water supply systems in Kazan].Georesursy, 2014, no. 3, pp. 9–16. (In Russ.)
8. Sungatullin R. Kh. Khimicheskii sostav podzemnykh i poverkhnostnykh gidrosfer (na primere Naberezhno-Chelninskoi oblasti). [Chemical composition of underground and surface hydrospheres (on the example of Naberezhno-Chelninskaya area)]. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki= Proceedings of Kazan University. Natural Sciences Series, 2009, vol. 151, no. 3, pp. 153–166. (In Russ.)
9. Sungatullin R. Kh. Vliyanie tekhnogeneza na formirovanie sovremennykh kor vyvetrivaniya i vodonosnykh territorii [Influence of technogenesis on the formation of modern weathering crusts and water-bearing areas]. Geoecology. Engineering geology. Hydrogeology. Geocryology – Geoekologiya. Inzhenernaya geologiya. Gidrogeologiya. Geokriologiya, 2010, no. 6, pp. 494– 502. (In Russ.)
10. Sungatullin R. Kh., Khaziev M. I. Sistemnyi podkhod k izucheniyu gidrosfery industrial'no-urbanizirovannykh territorii [A systematic approach to the study of the hydrosphere in industrial-urbanized territories]. Geoecology. Engineering geology. Hydrogeology. Geocryology – Geoekologiya. Inzhenernaya geologiya. Gidrogeologiya. Geokriologiya, 2009, no. 1, pp. 19–31. (In Russ.)
11. Schwartz A. A. Khimicheskii sostav podzemnykh vod v raione Sankt-Peterburga s uchetom novykh trebovanii k kachestvu pit'evoi vody [Chemical composition of groundwater in the St. Petersburg region in the light of new requirements for the quality of drinking water]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Nauki o Zemle – Vestnik of Saint-Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 2005, no. 1, pp. 85–93. (In Russ.)
12. Shchukova I. V.Formirovanie khimicheskogo sostava podzemnykh vod zony aktivnogo vodoobmena na territorii g. Permi: avtoref. dis… kand. geol.-mineral. nauk. [Formation of the chemical composition of groundwater in the zone of active water exchange on the territory of Perm: author. dis ... cand. geol.-mineral. Sciences]. Perm, 2005, 23 p. (In Russ.)
13. Barrett M. H., Hiscock K.M., Pedley S., Lerner D.N., Tellam J.H., French M. J. Marker species for identifying urban groundwater recharge sources. A review and case study in Nottingham. UK. Water Res. 1999, vol. 33, no. 14, pp. 3083-3097. DOI
14. Zektser I. S. Podzemnye vody kak komponent okruzhayushchei sredy [Underground waters as a component of the environment]. Moscow, Nauchnyi mir publ., 2001, 328 p. (In Russ.)
15. Zektser I. S., Karimova O. A., Chetverikova A. V. Sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy ispol'zovaniya presnykh podzemnykh vod dlya vodosnabzheniya gorodov [Current state and prospects of fresh groundwater use for water supply of cities]. Izv. vuzov. Geologiya i razvedka =Izv. universities. Geology and exploration, 2016, no. 1, pp. 75–76. (In Russ.)
16. Goretsky G. I. Formirovanie doliny r. Volgi v rannem i srednem antropogene. Allyuvii Pra–Volgi. [Formation of the river valley. Volga in the early and middle anthropogen. Alluviy PraVolga]. Moscow, Nauka publ., 1966, 412 p. (In Russ.)
17. Garayeva T. V., Zhorov A. A., Oliferova O. A. Otsenka vozmozhnogo vozdeistviya ekspluatatsii Zelenodol'skogo mestorozhdeniya podzemnykh vod na ekosistemy Volzhsko-Kamskogo zapovednika: protivorechiya i kompromissy [Assessment of the possible impact of exploitation of the Zelenodolsk groundwater deposit on the ecosystems of the Volzhsko-Kamsky reserve: contradictions and compromises]. Geoecology. Engineering geology. Hydrogeology. Geocryology – Geoekologiya. Inzhenernaya geologiya. Gidrogeologiya. Geokriologiya, 2015, no. 5, pp. 387–399. (In Russ.)
18. Oliferova O. A., Garayeva T. V. Otsenka vozmozhnogo vozdeistviya ekspluatatsii proektnogo
Zelenodol'skogo vodozabora na prirodnuyu sredu Volgo-Kamskogo zapovednika. [Assessment of the possible impact of the exploitation of the design Zelenodolsk water intake on the natural environment of the Volga-Kama nature reserve]. Razvedka i okhrana nedr = Exploration and conservation of mineral resources. 2010, no. 10, pp. 37–42. (In Russ.)
19. Rezaee H., Asghari O., Yamamoto J. K. On the reduction of the ordinary kriging smoothing effect. Journal of Mining and Environment. 2011. V. 2. 102-117 p.
20. Petrova D. I. Transformatsiya podzemnykh vod g. Kazan' v svyazi s sozdaniem Kuibyshevskogo vodokhranilishcha [Groundwater transformation of Kazan in connection with the creation of the Kuibyshev reservoir] // Geologiya v razvivayushchemsya mire [Geology in the developing world]. Sat. scientific papers based on the materials of the XIII International scientific-practical conference of students, graduate students and young scientists. Permian. 2020,pp. 510–512. (In Russ.)
21. SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01. Pit'evaya voda. Gigienicheskie trebovaniya k kachestvu vody tsentralizovannykh sistem pit'evogo vodosnabzheniya. Kontrol' kachestva [SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01. Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems. Quality control]. Moscow, 2001, 62 p. (In Russ.)
22. Geologiya Prikazanskogo raiona [Geology of the Prikazan region]. ed. A. I. Sheveleva. Kazan, Publishing house of CJSC Novoe znanie, 2007, 208 p. (In Russ.)
23. Petrova D. I. Tyazhelye metally v podzemnykh vodakh neogenovogo kompleksa g. Kazan' [Heavy metals in underground waters of the Neogene complex of Kazan]. Molodezhnaya nauchnaya konferentsiya pamyati K. O. Krattsa. [Youth scientific conference in memory of KO Kratts]. St. Petersburg, Publishing house of VVM, 2020, pp. 222–224. (In Russ.)
Опубликован
2021-04-01
Как цитировать
Петрова, Д. И., & Сунгатуллин, Р. Х. (2021). Гидрогеохимическая характеристика подземных вод неогеновых отложений Палео-Волги в пределах территории г. Казань. Вестник ВГУ. Серия: Геология, (1), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.17308/geology.2021.1/3343
Выпуск
Раздел
Гидрогеология, геоэкология
