Methods of interpretations each, everyone and anyone in persian

Abstract

In Russian-Persian translation practice, a tradition has developed of translating quantifier meanings each, everyone and anyone by the Persian pronoun hȁр. However, they can be used both in verdicative and non-verdicative contexts. Because of this, they acquire different semantic shades and therefore their interchangeability is excluded. As a result, the means of translating them into Persian vary. These cases of use each, everyone and anyone cause particular difficulties for RFL students studying at the higher educational institutions of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This explains the relevance of this study. The article is a comprehensive study of the pronouns each, everyone and anyone in the Russian-Iranian comparative-comparative aspect. The paper presents ways of adequate and equivalent translation of the universal and existential quantification each, everyone and anyone into Persian. The illustrative material used by the authors as examples was selected by continuous sampling from research papers on this topic by leading linguists and researchers of the Russian language such as A. A. Zaliznyak, E. V. Paducheva, O. E. Rudenko and M. A. Shelyakin. The main methods on which this study is based are the comparative method, the method of linguistic analysis, the method of continuous sampling and selection, and the method of observation. On the basis of the comparative and comparative translation analysis, we can conclude that the quantifier pronouns selected by us for research are not always interchangeable. There fore, when translating them into Persian, it is necessary to start from the type of their quantification according to the given context. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time it presents alternative ways of translating each, everyone and anyone into Persian, taking into account their use in verdicative and non-verdicative contexts. The results of this study can be used in teaching Russian as a foreign language in Iranian universities in such subjects as morphology, syntax and translation studies, and can also make a certain contribution to the theory of teaching attributive pronouns to students majoring in Russian as a foreign language for Persian-speaking students. The theoretical significance lies in a certain contribution to the theory of comparative and comparative linguistics, as well as translation studies. The practical significance comes down to the possibility of using illustrative material in the preparation of textbooks and manuals on Russian as a foreign language for a Persian-speaking audience, in teaching methods, as well as in classes on the morphology and syntax of the Russian language in Iranian universities.