Multimodal markers of experienced gender inequality in oral Spanish-language discourse
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17308/lic/1680-5755/2024/1/71-85Keywords:
multimodal markers, verbal markers, nonverbal markers, discursive markers, multimodal analysis, multichannel labeling, Elan, gender inequality, feminism, oral Spanish discourseAbstract
The article is devoted to the problem of identifying multimodal markers of experiencing gender inequality in oral Spanish-language discourse about feminism. The relevance of the issue is due to the spread of gender studies, as well as the appearance of a number of works that focus on multimodal markers of various linguistic and non-linguistic processes. The study is characterized by scientifi c novelty due to its multimodal focus, implying the ability to diagnose the specifi cs of the experience of gender inequality by Hispanic men and women through multichannel markers. The purpose of the work is to identify multimodal markers of the experience of gender inequality in the Spanish-language discursive space and describe their gender specifi city. Videos of the Mexican program “Sororidad” with a total duration of 150 minutes, as well as narrative video interviews with native Spanish speakers from Latin America with a total duration of 160 minutes are used as material for analysis. The work was carried out using the multimodal analysis method using the ELAN multimedia data tagging system. In the course of multichannel labeling, 4 layers with an independent markup type were selected: "Words", "Gestures", "Mimicry", "Intonation". When discussing abstract problems related to feminism, women are dominated by limiting gestures and increasing the volume of their voices, while men prefer to use consolation gestures, enumeration intonation, and the linking word como. When discussing the negative phenomena associated with feminism, women frequently use the question tag ¿no? and limiting gestures, while in the multimodal behavior of men discursive markers of expressing personal assessment, consolation gestures and an acceleration of the tempo of speech predominate. When discussing personal experiences associated with feminism, women tend to increase the volume of their voices and use emphatic intonation, while men tend to lengthen vowels and use the “look down” facial expression. In all the situations women use various and often repeated mimic actions, intonational phenomena and manual. In female discourse, such chains of multimodal markers are defi ned as 1) the noun mujer + the “quotation mark” gesture; 2) the gesture “presses the hand(s) to the chest” + the intonation marker “raising the tone of the voice”. In male discourse: 1) gesture "quotation mark" + intonation marker "intonation of emphasis"; 2) gesture “points with a straight hand to the side” + intonation marker “increasing the volume of the voice”. The possibility of expanding the research material, as well as implementing a deeper analysis of the phonetic layer of speech using the Praat software, is promising.
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