FROM TOPONYMS TO ANTHROPONYMS: FORMATION FEATURES OF SPANISH PLACE FAMILY NAMES

Abstract

Тhe article is dedicated to the problem of the formation of the Spanish toponymic surnames. It presents the results of a study, which purpose is to identify the features of formation and describe the structural models of toponymic family names. A comparative analysis of toponymic surnames with the etymon-toponym, its word-formation types, as well as patronymic surnames made it possible to draw conclusions about the general and particular patterns of the formation of family names in the Spanish language. General patterns include the transonymization of onyms – personal names in patronymic surnames and toponyms in toponymic surnames. Alongwith transonymization, syntactic and morphological means are involved in the formation of patronymic surnames (the combination of a personal name with the preposition ‘de’, as well as patronymic suffi xes). The formation of toponymic surnames is based exclusively on transonymization, the effect of which depends not so much on the word-formation structure of the toponym-etymon, but on the formal graphic form of its representation. Univerb toponyms (derived and complex) become surnames without any changes in their structure and serve as a source of homonymy of onyms. Non-derivative two-part place names with a feminine prepositive defi nite article as a result of fusion become one-word surnames. Compound toponyms that have the form ‘nombre + de + nombre’, when transitioning into a family name, always lose one of their components, either the fi rst ‘nombre’, or the second ‘de + nombre’, or the connective part (preposition / preposition + article). Аs a result, two models arise – one-component ‘nombre’ and two-component ‘de + nombre’. Surnames created according to a one-component model often go back to different etymons – univerb toponyms and composite toponyms, part of which is the same univerb toponym. This is the main reason for the multiple excess of toponyms-etymons compared to toponymic surnames, while in patronymic surnames the number of etymons is lower than the number of surnames. When analyzing the language material, comparative and descriptive methods were used, as well as the method of quantitative and lexicographic analysis.