THE ROLE OF METATESIS IN KET GRAMMAR. THE PATH OF A LEXEME TO A GRAMMATIC INDICATOR (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE KET LANGUAGE)

Abstract

Тhe article is devoted to such a phenomenon in the structure of the Ket language as metathesis. The author examines metathesis, which diachronically translated lexical forms into grammatical indicators. Based on the Ket demonstrative pronouns ki, tu, qa, the original vowel sounds [i]/[e]–[u]/[o]-[a] are reconstructed, which, in the class structure of the language, were combined with various consonant classifi er sounds, forming the primary deictic particles with CV structure vs. VC. Lexical examples are given for parts of speech that have the specifi ed structure. In connection with the Ket verb, syncretism of parts of speech is noted, which is found quite clearly in this language. The following tables demonstrate the grammatical indicators of personal pronouns, nouns and verbs with a CV structure. Separately, the author dwells on the expression of the categories of predicativity and possessivity. It turns out that it was the indicators of these two categories, going back to two forms of the fi rst person pronoun: a-di and a-ba, that formed the basis of infl ectional affi xes. A comparison of the indicators of personal pronouns, name and verb showed a coincidence of the indicators of the genitive case of personal pronouns, possessive prefi xes of the name and verbal indicators of group B, and the predicative indicators of the name (suffi xes) coincided with the indicators of group D of the verb (prefi xes), i.e. verbal forms were structured using a metathesis of possessive and predicative indicators: from suffi xes to prefi xes. Of particular interest are verbs that do not fall under any rules. Their forms are represented only by the CV structure. The author shares the ideas of the content typology of G.A. Klimov and comes to the conclusion that the Ket language has preserved traces of all stages of its development from the class system (through active / ergative / possessive) to the nominative system. The presented material made it possible to see the role that metathesis played in the formation of language.