The physical principles and capabilities of pulsed NMR in the study of the structure and condition of the solutes in natural and synthetic macromolecular compounds

Abstract

In this article the basic physical principles of pulsed NMR were presented. Also it includes a review of published works, which illustrate the advantages of this method in natural macromolecular objects, modern membrane materials researching and in the implementation of quality control of agricultural products. Examples of using the high-resolution NMR on 13C nucleus in identifying the structure of humic substances are given. Pulse sequences applied to obtain spin echo are described. The NMR method with a pulse gradient of a magnetic field on the 1H nucleus are described in detail. The sorption and the selfdiffusion of water and alcohols and structural characteristics of transport channels in phase of different membranes can be determined by means of NMR method with a pulse gradient of a magnetic field. The important direction of development of the methodology of NMR – diffusion-ordered spectroscopy – and its practical application are considered. The relaxation measurements for the simultaneous determination of the quantity of sorbed water and oil in natural macromolecular objects are considered.