Study of the Features of Calcium Ion Sorption and Desorption Processes on N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethylammonium Chitosan Hydrogels
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2025.25/13579Keywords:
sorption, desorption, N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan, hydrogels, calcium ionsAbstract
The development of innovative, multifunctional hemostatic agents represents a priority interdisciplinary challenge at the intersection of biology, chemistry, pharmacy, and medicine. Most currently used hemostatic agents operate by increasing in volume (swelling) within the wound cavity, thereby mechanically compressing damaged vessels. Such agents neither activate natural hemostasis nor exhibit antibacterial or wound-healing properties, which significantly limits their overall medical effectiveness. The incorporation of natural polysaccharides – such as chitosan and its hydrophilically modified derivatives – into hemostatic formulations offers a promising route to enhancing their performance. These materials possess intrinsic biological activity and high sorption capacity toward biologically active substances, which can improve therapeutic efficacy.
Based on these considerations, the aim of this study was to investigate the sorption and desorption of calcium ions from hydrogels based on N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan, in order to assess their potential as hemostatic agents.
Hydrogels with varying degrees of substitution and crosslinking density were synthesized. Swelling studies in both water and a saline solution of bovine serum albumin with pH=6.9 revealed that the degree of swelling under these conditions reached 27.5- and 28.9-fold, respectively, highlighting the high potential of these polymers for hemostatic applications.
Kinetic studies of calcium ion sorption (Ca²⁺ functions as blood coagulation factor IV) revealed that the rate-limiting step is diffusion of the ions across the sorbent–sorbate interface. The process is well described by a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, with calcium ion transport within the hydrogel phase governed by non-Fickian diffusion.
Calcium desorption experiments, performed under physiologically relevant conditions (0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4, 37°C), showed that up to 93% of the sorbed calcium was desorbed within 24 hours. The desorption process also followed first-order kinetics and was driven by non-Fickian diffusion.
Overall, these results demonstrate that hydrogels based on N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan are a promising platform for the development of multifunctional hemostatic agents.
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