ВЛИЯНИЕ ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ НА ВЛАГОПЕРЕНОС С ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ЛЬДА ПО ДИСПЕРСНОЙ СРЕДЕ ПРИ ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫХ ТЕМПЕРАТУРАХ

Veronika I. Egochina; Anatoly V. Tyagunin; Gennady D. Koposov

doi:10.17308/kcmf.2018.20/634

Authors

Veronika I. Egochina Postgraduate Student of the Graduate School of Science and Technology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk, Russia; e-mail: egochina.vi@mail.ru
Anatoly V. Tyagunin Cand. Sci. (Phys.), Assistant Professor of the Graduate School of Science and Technology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk, Russia; e-mail: alastor15@yandex.ru
Gennady D. Koposov Cand. Sci. (Phys.), Assistant Professor of the Graduate School of Science and Technology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk, Russia; e-mail: g.koposov@narfu.ru

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2018.20/634

Keywords:

moisture transition, temperature gradient, gravitational action, sand, ice, quasi-liquid layer.

Abstract

The purpose of the research was to test the possibility of using the ice surface as a generator of moisture in measuring the moisture conductivity of soils. The article presents the results of a study of the influence of various physical conditions on the moisture transition ice - dispersed medium at low temperatures. The experiments were carried out by weight method in the freezer with automatic temperature maintenance. To adjust the temperature, the freezer was equipped with a temperature sensor. Every day, readings of the mass of water transferred to the sample were obtained. The temperature range was chosen from -5 to -24 ^oC. The results of the study of the influence of factors such as: temperature, the presence of a temperature gradient in the direction of moisture transition, the effect of the gravitational field, the presence of impurities in the ice. Samples of the dispersed medium were selected inorganic: river sand, silica gel, white soot, kaolin (white) clay. NaOH, KOH alkalis and NaCl, KCl salts were used as impurities. Impurity concentration selected (%): 3.5, 1, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001.

Two phases of the process of moisture transfer from the ice surface to the ground were identified: the first is associated with the movement of the diffusion flow; the second is associated with the transfer of moisture through the unfrozen water film. The driving force of the moisture flow is: gravitational action; temperature gradient and concentration gradient.

During the experiments, the influence of the selected factors on the moisture transfer of the ice – dispersed medium was revealed: 1) the greater the temperature, the greater the probability that the water molecules will be able to move in a larger volume to the ground; 2) the presence of salt contributes to the process of moisture transfer due to a decrease in the surface tension coefficient; 3) when certain conditions are created, the moisture transfer is carried out in the opposite direction to the ice-sand contact.