ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ СРЕДА И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЕЕ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ В РЕЗУЛЬТАТЕ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ

Abstract

The article deals with the essence of the institutional environment and determines the specificity of its formation in the conditions of institutional transformations. The work summarizes different points of view on the understanding of the essence of the category «institute». The inclusion in this concept of such interrelated elements is proposed: the conditions for applying the institution: a description of the situations in which it is applied; Subjects of application of the institute: description of persons (agents) whose actions fall under the regulation of the institute; the content of the institution: a description of the set of actions that subjects must perform when the conditions of the institute are applied; sanctions (punishment) for infringement of the maintenance of the institute: actions which are necessary for executing in case of non-fulfillment or inadequate execution of the institute; list of guarantors for the performance of the institution: characteristics of agents endowed with the functions of compulsion to perform the institution or punishment for its violation. Based on the analysis of existing approaches, it is established that the institutional environment is characterized by a combination of formal norms, rules, procedures and informal institutions that constitute a «set of unwritten rules». It is revealed that the most important component of the institutional environment is also informal institutions – a set of historically formed traditions, customs and other patterns of behavior of counterparties, which are not fixed in legislation, but operate steadily in a given society. Formal and informal institutions interact in a special market of institutions. The institutional changes taking place in the country directly depend on the formal and informal institutions that exist in it. The author analyzes peculiarities of institutional transformations connected with the transition of the Crimean Republic to the Russian Federation. An analysis of the specifics of the formation of the institutional environment made it possible to conclude that the entry of the Republic of Crimea into the Russian Federation would, as a result of institutional transformations, reduce the level of transaction costs.