Первые находки медистого золота в рифейских отложениях Башкирского мегантиклинория (Южный Урал)
Ключевые слова:
медистое золото, габбродолериты, скарны, Башкирский мегантиклинорий, Южный Урал
Аннотация
Введение: В статье описываются находки самородного золота с высоким содержанием меди (32.9–38.2 мас. %), впервые обнаруженного в рифейских отложениях Башкирского мегантиклинория. Методы: Электронная микроскопия с энергодисперсионным микроанализом; атомно-эмиссионный и рентгенофлуоресцентный анализы. Результаты и обсуждения: В юго-западной части Башкирского мегантиклинория обнаружено медистое золото в трех значительно удаленных друг от друга местах: в Западно-Акташской рудной зоне, в Суранском селлаит-флюоритовом месторождении и в катавских известняках на р. Зилим. Медистое золото во всех местонахождениях характеризуется сходным редко встречающимся химическим составом, отвечающим составу Cu3Au 2, с примесями Ag (4.7–7.4 мас. %) и Zn (~1 мас. %), иногда Fe (0.8 мас. %). Медистое золото всегда ассоциирует с халькопиритом, а вмещающие его породы обогащены Cu, реже – Ba, Zn, Pb, As. Температура его образования оценивается в 400–450°С. В Западно-Акташской зоне и Суранском месторождении медистое золото приурочено к эндо- или экзоконтактам габбродолеритов, которые по петрохимическим особенностям сходны с габбродолеритами позднерифейского инзерского комплекса и отличаются от габбродолеритов позднепалеозойского юрматинского комплекса более высокой щелочностью, меньшей известковистостью, более высокими содержаниями V, Zn и меньшими – Cr, Ni, Cu. Выводы: Медистое золото в рифейских отложениях Башкирского мегантиклинория генетически связано с габбродолеритами позднерифейского инзерского комплекса и деятельностью постмагматических флюидов. Не исключается образование медистого золота в Западно-Акташской зоне и в катавских известняках на р. Зилим на ретроградной стадии скарнового процесса.
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Литература
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3. Chudnenko K.V., Pal'yanova G.A. Thermodynamic properties of solid solutions in the Ag-Au-Cu system. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2014, vol. 55, no 3, pp. 349–360. DOI
4. Spiridonov E.M., Pletnev P.A. Mestorozhdenie medistogo zolota Zolotaya Gora (o "zoloto-rodingitovoi" formatsii) [Copper gold deposit Zolotaya Gora (about the "gold-rodingite" formation)]. Moscow, Nauchnyi Mir publ., 2002, 216 p. (In Russ.)
5. Murzin V.V., Sazonov V.N., Varlamov D.A., Shanina S.N. Zolotoe orudenenie v rodingitakh massivov al'pinotipnykh giperbazitov [Gold mineralization in rodingites of massifs of alpine-type ultramafic]. Litosfera, 2006, no 1, pp. 113–134. (In Russ.)
6. Zaykov V.V., Melekestseva I.Y., Zaykova E.V., Kotlyarov V.A., Kraynev Y.D. Gold and platinum group minerals in placers of the South Urals: Composition, microinclusions of ore minerals and primary sources. Ore Geology Reviews, 2017, vol. 85, pp. 299–320.
7. Sidorov E.G., Sandimirova E.I., Chubarov V.M., Anikin L.P., Ibragimova E.K., Antonov A.V. Tipomorfnye osobennosti zolota rossypnykh proyavlenii reki Ol'khovaya 1-ya (Kamchatskii mys, Vostochnaya Kamchatka) [Typomorphic features of gold in placer occurrences of the Olkhovaya 1st River (Kamchatsky Cape, Eastern Kamchatka)]. Vestnik KRAUNTs. Nauki o Zemle ‒ Proceedings of Kamchatka Regional Association. Series: Earth Sciences, 2013, no 1, vypusk no 21, pp. 34–43. (In Russ.)
8. Litvinenko I.S. Medistoe zoloto i serebryano-zolotaya amal'gama v rossypyakh Yuglerovskogo rudno-rossypnogo uzla (Severo-Vostok Rossii) [Cuprous gold and silver-gold amalgam in the placers of the Yuglerovsky ore-placer cluster (North-East of Russia)]. Vestnik DVO RAN ‒ Proceedings of Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2016, no 5, pp. 59–68. (In Russ.)
9. Molchanov V.P., Molchanova N.N. Zoloto-il'menitovye rossypi intruzii ul'trabazitov Sikhote-Alinya: mineralogiya, geokhimiya i proiskhozhdenie [Gold-ilmenite placers of ultramafic intrusions of the Sikhote-Alin: mineralogy, geochemistry and origin]. Trudy Fersmanovskoi nauchnoi sessii GI KNTs RAN, 2020, no 17, pp. 364–368. (In Russ.)
10. Chryssoulis S.L., McMullen J. Mineralogical investigation of gold ores. Project Development Developments in Mineral Processing, 2016, pp. 57–93.
11. Knyazev Yu.G. Gosudarstvennaya geologicheskaya karta Rossiiskoi Federatsii masshtaba 1:1000000 (tret'e pokolenie). Ural'skaya seriya. Geologicheskaya karta dopliotsenovykh obrazovanii. N-40 (Ufa) [State geological map of the Russian Federation, scale 1: 1000000 (third generation). Ural series. Geological map of pre-Pliocene formations. N-40 (Ufa)]. Saint Petersburg, FGUP «VSEGEI», 2010. (In Russ.)
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14. Alekseev A.A. Rifeisko-vendskii magmatizm zapadnogo sklona Yuzhnogo Urala [Riphean-Vendian magmatism of the western slope of the Southern Urals]. Moscow, Nauka publ., 1984, 136 p. (In Russ.)
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16. Larionov N.N., Nastasienko E.V., Smolyanskii P.L., Comov M.M. O novom tipe sellait-flyuoritovoi mineralizatsii [On a new type of sellaite-fluorite mineralization]. Mineralogicheskii zhurnal, 1987, vol. 9, pp. 22–25. (In Russ.)
17. Krupenin M.T., Prokhaska V., Ronkin Yu.L. Priroda ftorarudoobrazuyushchikh rastvorov flyuoritovogo mestorozhdeniya Suran (Bashkirskii megantiklinorii) po dannym izucheniya lantanoidov, flyuidnykh vklyuchenii i Sr-Nd sistematiki [The nature of fluorine and ore-forming solutions of the Suran fluorite deposit (Bashkir meganticlinorium) according to the study of lanthanides, fluid inclusions and Sr-Nd systematics]. Litosfera, 2012, no 5, pp. 126–144. (In Russ.)
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19. Lozhechkin M.P. Karabashskoe mestorozhdenie medistogo zolota [Karabashskoe copper gold deposit]. Problemy geokhimii osnovnykh magm. Tr. UF AN SSSR; vyp. 4. Sverdlovsk, UF AN SSSR Publ., 1935, pp. 35–44. (In Russ.)
20. Razin L.V. Mineraly – prirodnye splavy zolota i medi v rudakh medno-nikelevykh mestorozhdenii Noril'skogo tipa [Minerals - natural alloys of gold and copper in ores of coppernickel deposits of the Norilsk type]. Trudy mineralogicheskogo muzeya im. A.E. Fersmana. 1975, vol, 24, pp. 93–106. (In Russ.)
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22. Bignov R.I., Makushin A.A., Kazakov I.I., Cheban S.G. Rol' glubinnoi struktury v razmeshchenii neftegazovykh, rudnykh mestorozhdenii i novykh perspektivnykh zon Respubliki Bashkorstostan [The role of the deep structure in the location of oil and gas, ore deposits and new promising zones of the Republic of Bashkortostan]. Geologiya i perspektivy rasshireniya syr'evoi bazy Bashkortostana i sopredel'nykh territorii: materialy [IV Republican geology conference]. Ufa, IG UNTs RAN Publ., 2001, vol. 2, pp. 3–26. (In Russ.)
23. Michurin S.V., Kalistratova E.O., Sultanova A.G., Krupenin M.T., Danilenko S.A., Savel'ev D.E., Kazbulatova G.M. Izvestkovye skarny v srednerifeiskikh otlozheniyakh Aktashskoi ploshchadi (Yuzhnyi Ural) [Calcareous skarns in the Middle Riphean deposits of the Aktash area (Southern Urals)]. Geologiya, poleznye iskopaemye i problemy geoekologii Bashkortostana, Urala i sopredel'nykh territorii: sb. st. 13-oj mezhregional'noj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. [Geology, minerals and problems of geoecology of Bashkortostan, the Urals and adjacent territories], Ufa: Mir pechati Publ., 2020, pp. 94–106. (In Russ.)
24. Kozlov V.I., Puchkov V.N., Sergeeva N.D. Novaya skhema raschleneniya razreza parametricheskoi skvazhiny 1 Kulguninskaya (Yuzhnyi Ural)[ A new scheme for subdividing the section of the parametric well 1 Kulguninskaya (Southern Urals)]. Ufa, DizainPoligrafServis publ., 2011, 60 p. (In Russ.)
25. Chang Y.A., Goldberg D., Neumann J.P. Phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of ternary gold-copper-silver systems. J. Phys. Chem. Reference Data, 1977, vol, 6, pp. 621–669.
26. Murzin V.V., Malyugin A.A. Novye dannye o nestabil'nosti prirodnykh tverdykh rastvorov sistemy Au–Ag–Cu v oblasti temperatur menee 350°S [New data on the instability of natural solid solutions of the Au–Ag–Cu system at temperatures below 350°C]. Doklady AN SSSR, 1983, vol. 269, no 3, pp. 723–724. (In Russ.)
27. Knight J., Leitch C.H.B. Phase relations in the system Au-Cu–Ag at low temperatures based on natural assemblages // The Canadian Mineralogist. 2001. vol. 39. pp. 889–905.
28. Murzin V.V., Palyanova G.A., Varlamov D.A., Shanina S.N. Zolotonosnye rodingity Agardagskogo massiva giperbazitov (Ju. Tuva, Rossija) i problemy ih genezisa [Gold-bearing rodingites of the Agardag ultramafic massif (South Tuva, Russia) and problems of their genesis]. Geology of ore deposits, 2020, vol. 62, no 3, pp. 204–224.
29. Okamoto H., Chakrabarti D.J., Laughlin D.E, Massalski T.B. The Au-Cu (goldcopper) system. Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 1987, vol. 8, pp. 453–474.
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Опубликован
2022-09-26
Как цитировать
Мичурин, С. В., & Шарипова, А. А. (2022). Первые находки медистого золота в рифейских отложениях Башкирского мегантиклинория (Южный Урал). Вестник ВГУ. Серия: Геология, (3), 52-65. https://doi.org/10.17308/geology/1609-0691/2022/3/52-65
Выпуск
Раздел
Геология, поиски и разведка твердых полезные ископаемых, минерагения
