Полосчатые железистые кварциты главной рудной толщи Костомукшского зеленокаменного пояса Карельского кратона: геохимия, петрография и условия формирования
Ключевые слова:
полосчатые железистые кварциты, геохимия, неоархей, Карельский кратон, Костомукшский зеленокаменный пояс, редкоземельные элементы, REY (REE Y), алгома
Аннотация
Введение: Полосчатые железистые формации (BIF) являются метаморфизованными хемогенными осадками, накопление которых происходило в раннем докембрии. Выделяют BIF двух типов: Aлгома и Cьюпериор. Одним из проявлений BIF типа Алгома является Костомукшский зеленокаменный пояс, в котором выделяется четыре ассоциации BIF, из которых неоархейские (BIF-3) характеризуются наибольшей мощностью и протяжённостью. Особенности распределения петрогенных, редких и рекоземельных элементов являются надёжным индикатором условий, в которых происходило накопление BIF.
Методика: Химический состав проб определялся на рентгено-флуоресцентном спектрометре S8 Tiger (Bruker AXS GmbH, Германия) в Воронежском госуниверситете. Малые и редкие элементы определяли методом индукционно-связанной плазмы с масс-спектрометрическим окончанием анализа (ICP-MS) в АСИЦ ИПТМ РАН.
Результаты и обсуждение: Неоархейские железистые формации (2.76–2.74 млрд лет) (BIF-3) в Костомукшском зеленокаменном поясе имеют тёмную окраску и полосчатую текстуру с чередованием слоёв, обогащённых кварцем и магнетитом. Сумма SiO2 и Fe2O3tot составляет 83–98 %. В BIF-3 отмечается повышенное содержание K2O (0.12–2.9 мас. %), при этом содержания других петрогенных оксидов сопоставимо с другими архейскими BIF Алгома. Содержания высокозарядных элементов очень низкие и изменчивые, но отмечаются повышенные концентрации Rb (1.4–111 ppm) и Ba (6.5‒799 ppm). Обогащение HREE относительно LREE ((La/Yb)SN=0.21–1.17), положительные La/La* и YSN аномалии и суперхондритовое отношение Y/Ho (31–42) свидетельствуют о накоплении BIF-3 в морских условиях. Положительные Eu/Eu* аномалии свидетельствуют о гидротермальном привносе, как основном источнике Si, Fe и Mn в BIF. Отсутствие отрицательных Ce/Ce* аномалий (0.9–1.04) и низкие концентрации U указывают, что накопление происходило в условиях дефицита кислорода в атмосфере, до Великого Окислительного события (GOE~2.4–2.2 млрд лет назад). Низкие содержания хрома и молярные отношения Ni/Fe (0.04–0.57х10-4), отсутствие корреляции между MgO и Cr, слабая корреляция между MgO и Ni указывают на отсутствие в источниках сноса пород ультраосновного и основного составов, а сильные положительные корреляции Al2O3 с Zr и REE, TiO2 с Zr, а также Hf с Zr указывают на преобладание в источниках сноса пород кислого состава.
Выводы: Образование BIF-3 происходило в морском бассейне в условиях дефицита кислорода, что предполагает их образование до Великого Окислительного события. Si, Fe и Mn поступали, в основном, из гидротермальных источников. Характер распределения терригенной примеси Al2O3, TiO2, Zr и Hf указывают на источники сноса с преобладанием гранитоидов.
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Опубликован
2024-06-28
Как цитировать
Савко, К. А., Гончаров, Д. А., Нестерова, Н. С., & Слабунов, А. И. (2024). Полосчатые железистые кварциты главной рудной толщи Костомукшского зеленокаменного пояса Карельского кратона: геохимия, петрография и условия формирования. Вестник ВГУ. Серия: Геология, (2), 50-70. https://doi.org/10.17308/geology/1609-0691/2024/2/50-70
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Петрология, вулканология, геохимия
