Thermodynamic study of the BiSI-BiSeI system by the electromotive force method

Authors

  • Abbas A. Qurbanov Ganja State University, 187, H. Aliyev av., Ganja AZ-2000, Azerbaijan
  • Elvin J. Ahmadov Ganja State University, 187, H. Aliyev av., Ganja AZ-2000, Azerbaijan
  • Guntakin M. Shukurova Ganja State University, 187, H. Aliyev av., Ganja AZ-2000, Azerbaijan
  • Isfandiyar J. Alverdiyev Ganja State University, 187, H. Aliyev av., Ganja AZ-2000, Azerbaijan
  • Yasin I. Jafarov Ganja State University, 187, H. Aliyev av., Ganja AZ-2000, Azerbaijan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2026.28/13590

Keywords:

Bismuth chalcoiodides, Phase diagram, Solid solutions, EMF method, Thermodynamic functions, Ionic liquid

Abstract

Objectives: Chalcohalides of arsenic subgroup elements and solid solutions based on them are of great interest as functional materials exhibiting thermoelectric, photoelectric, piezoelectric, optical, and other properties.

Experimental: This paper presents the results of a study of the thermodynamic properties of BiSI, BiSeI, and BiS1–xSexI solid solutions using electromotive force (EMF) analysis. For this study, concentration cells of the type
(–) Bi (solid)/liquid electrolyte, Bi3+/(Bi in alloy) (solid) (+)
 were constructed and their EMFs were measured in the temperature range of 300-370 K. An ionic liquid, namely, morpholine formate, was used as the electrolyte. To select the compositions of the right-hand electrodes, solid-state equilibria in the BiSI-BiSeI-BiI3 system were studied using X-ray diffraction analysis. Continuous solid solutions of the BiSI-BiSeI boundary system were shown to form stable tie-line with BiI3. Using these data and literature information on boundary systems, a fragment of the solid-phase equilibria diagram for the Bi- S-Se-I system was constructed. Based on constructed diagram, the BiS1-xSexI solid solutions of various compositions with a 2–3 mol % excess of BiI3 and S1–xSex were selected as electrode-alloys for the aforementioned concentration cells. The partial molar functions of bismuth in the alloys were calculated from the obtained pairs of E(mV) and T(K) values.

Conclusions: The constructed phase diagram made it possible to determine the virtual reactions of potential formation corresponding to the aforementioned partial molar functions and calculate the standard thermodynamic functions of formation and the standard entropies of bismuth thio- and selenoidide and BiS1-xSexI solid solutions. The calculations were performed using literature data on the corresponding standard integral thermodynamic functions of the BiI3 compound and S1–xSex alloys involved in potential-forming reactions. The thermodynamic functions of the BiSI and BiSeI compounds were compared with existing fragmentary literature data, and for solid solutions, they were determined for the first time

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Author Biographies

  • Abbas A. Qurbanov, Ganja State University, 187, H. Aliyev av., Ganja AZ-2000, Azerbaijan

    graduate student, Ganja State University (Ganja, Azerbaijan)

  • Elvin J. Ahmadov, Ganja State University, 187, H. Aliyev av., Ganja AZ-2000, Azerbaijan

    PhD (in Chem.), Leading Researcher, Institute of Chemistry (Baku, Azerbaijan)

  • Guntakin M. Shukurova, Ganja State University, 187, H. Aliyev av., Ganja AZ-2000, Azerbaijan

    PhD (in Chem.), Baku State University (Baku, Azerbaijan)

  • Isfandiyar J. Alverdiyev, Ganja State University, 187, H. Aliyev av., Ganja AZ-2000, Azerbaijan

    Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Ganja State University (Ganja, Azerbaijan)

  • Yasin I. Jafarov, Ganja State University, 187, H. Aliyev av., Ganja AZ-2000, Azerbaijan

    Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Professor, Baku State University (Baku, Azerbaijan)

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Published

2026-04-01

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Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026)

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Original articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases

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Thermodynamic study of the BiSI-BiSeI system by the electromotive force method. (2026). Kondensirovannye Sredy I Mezhfaznye Granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases, 28(1), 46-56. https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2026.28/13590

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