Роль социального капитала в национальной и региональных инновационных системах

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify and assess the role of social capital in creating innovation in the regions of Russia.
Discussion: The paper discloses the value of social capital and its role in the creation of innovations, and also gives a general description of the formation processes and the use of social capital in open innovation systems. The database on 2011 Rosstat survey of nearly 39 thousand enterprises of 83 Russian regions is built in order to calculate social capital indicators of the enterprises in innovation system. The paper research was conducted on distribution of social capital component in Russian regions. For this purpose we performed clustering of Russian regions on social capital indicators, depending on the depth and width of the capital formation processes.
Results: As a result of the clustering, the typological groups of regions were obtained, which were divided by direction and intensity of the use of social capital. It has been found that clusters of economically weak regions desire to pursuit and create radical innovations through networking with the scientific and educational sphere, i.e. to form social capital in depth. It has been revealed that the regions of clusters with strong economic potential are more focused on the development of relations with the subjects of the market, which means the formation of social capital in width. The results of the research showed that necessary conditions for innovation activity of the region include a developed market and either existence of strong higher education institutions or high concentration of academic institutions in the region.