Физико-химическая модель поведения тория в профиле выветривания
Ключевые слова:
Торий, Th(ОH)40, Th(ОH)5-, Th(ОH)62-, ∆fGo(298.15) Дж/моль, моделирование, ЭВМ, Селектор, профиль выветривания
Аннотация
Введение: Представлены авторские и литературные данные по стандартной свободной энергии Гиббса для 60 ионов и комплексов тория в водном растворе, а также для двух минералов тория и 20 возможных его минеральных фаз. Методика: По программе “Селектор” методом физико-химического моделирования на ЭВМ проведѐн анализ поведения тория в процессе выветривания филлитовидных сланцев. Результаты и обсуждение: Содержание Th в сланцах аналогично его среднему содержанию в земной коре и равно 10-3 мас. %. Установлено, что в профиле выветривания содержание тория в растворе крайне мало, его вычисленная концентрация меньше 10 -10 мол/л. Торий представлен практически только в виде гидроксокомплексов Th(ОH)40, Th(ОH)5- и Th(ОH)62-. В процессе выветривания торий накапливается и его содержание в бокситах составляет в среднем 40 г/т при коэффициенте концентрации 4,16 [1], (3,4 по данным [2]). Заключение: В процессах выветривания торий накапливается и в бокситах его коэффициент концентрации составляет 4,16 [1] (3,4 по данным [2]).
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Литература
1. Adams J. A. S., Richardson K. A. Uranium and zirconium concentrations in bauxite. Econom. Geolog. 1960, vol. 55, no 8, pp. 1653–1675.
2. Gurvich M. Yu., Parshakov N. S., Skosyreva N. N. Raspredelenie torija i urana v boksitah nekotoryh mestorozhdenij Krasnojarskogo kraja [Distribution of thorium and uranium in bauxites of some deposits of the Krasnodar region]. Izvestija VUZov. Geologija i razvedka ‒ News of universities. Geology and exploration, 1974, no 10, pp. 38‒43 (In Russ.)
3. Tenyakov V.A., Kopeikin V.A. Torij v boksitah: rasprostranenie, prichina popadanija, geneticheskaja interpretacija. [Thorium in bauxites: distribution, cause of ingestion, genetic interpretation]. In the book: Bauxites. Moscow, VIMS Publ., 1980. pp. 199-213 (In Russ.)
4. Bushinskii G. I. Geologiya boksitov [Geology of bauxite]. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1975. 416 p. (In Russ.)
5. Bazhenov V. A., Buldakov L. A., Vasilenko I. Ya. et al. Vrednye himicheskie veshhestva. Radioaktivnye veshhestva: spravochnik. Leningrad: Himija [Harmful chemicals. Radioactive substances: guide: a reference book]. Leningrad, Chemistry Publ.,1990. 464 p. (In Russ.)
6. Beckman I. N. Torij. Uchebnoe posobie [Thorium]. Moscow: MSU Publ., 2010, 136 p. (In Russ.)
7. Yaroshevsky A.A. Rasprostranjonnost' himicheskih jelementov v zemnoj kore [Prevalence of chemical elements in the Earth's crust]. Geohimija ‒ Geochemistry, 2006, no. 1, pp. 54-62. (In Russ.)
8. Vinogradov A. P. Vvedenie v geohimiju okeana [Introduction to ocean geochemistry]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1967, 216 p. (In Russ.)
9. Voitkevich G. V., Miroshnikov A. E., Povarenykh A. S., Prokhorov V. G. Kratkij spravochnik po geohimii [A brief guide to geochemistry]. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1977, 184 p. (In Russ.)
10. Emsley J. Elementy [Elements]. Reference book. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1993. 256 p. (In Russ.)
11. Kopeikin V. A. Povedenii torija v lateritnom processe [Behavior of thorium in the laterite process]. Atomnaja jenergija ‒ Atomic energy. 1984, vol. 56, pp. 221‒223 (In Russ.)
12. Karpov I. K. Fiziko-khimicheskoe modelirovanie na EVM v geokhimii [Physicochemical modeling on a computer in geochemistry]. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 248 p. (In Russ.)
13. Chudnenko K. V. Termodinamicheskoe modelirovanie v geokhimii: teoriya, algoritmy, programmnoe obespechenie, prilozheniya [Thermodynamic modeling in geochemistry: theory, algorithms, software, applications]. Novosibirsk, GEO Publ., 2010, 287 p. (In Russ.)
14. Karzhavin V. K. Termodinamicheskie velichiny nekotorykh fosfatov kal'tsiya gruppy apatita [Thermodynamic values of some calcium phosphates of the apatite group. Zhurnal fizicheskoi khimii – Journal of physical chemistry. 1981, vol.LV, no. 8, pp. 1933–1936. (In Russ.)
15 Termicheskie konstanty veshchestv: Spravochnik [Thermal constants of substances: Handbook.]. Ed. akad. V. P. Glushko (editor-in-chief) et.al. Vol. 1–10. Moscow, AN SSSR, VINITI Publ., 1965, 26 p. (In Russ.)
16. Latimer V.M. Okislitel'nye sostoyaniya elementov i ikh potentsialy v vodnykh rastvorakh [Oxidative states of elements and their potentials in aqueous solutions]. Moscow, Izd-vo inostr. Lit Publ., 1954, 400 p. (In Russ.)
17. Naumov G.B., Ryzhenko B.N., Khodakovskii I.L. Spravochnik termodinamicheskikh velichin (dlya geologov) [Handbook of thermodynamic quantities (for geologists)]. Moscow, Atomizdat Publ., 1971. 240 p. (In Russ.)
18. Langmuir D., Herman J.S. The mobility of thorium in natural waters at low temperatures. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 1980, vol. 44, no 11, pp. 1753‒1766.
19. Lur'e Yu.Yu. Spravochnik po analiticheskoi khimii [Handbook of analytical chemistry]. Moscow, Khimiya Publ., 1989. 448 p. (In Russ.)
20. Morozov I.V., Boltalin A.I., Karpova E.V. Okislitel'novosstanovitel'nye protsessy. Elektronnaya biblioteka khimicheskogo fakul'teta [Oxidation-reduction processes. Electronic library of the Faculty of Chemistry]. Moscow, Moscow State University Publ., 2003. 64 p. (In Russ.)
21. Lidin R.A., Andreeva L.L., Molochko V.A. Konstanty neorganicheskikh veshchestv: spravochnik [Constants of inorganic substances: a reference book]. Moscow, Drofa Publ., 2006. 685 p. (In Russ.)
22. Krainov S.R., Ryzhenko B.N., Shvets V.M. Geokhimiya podzemnykh vod. Teoreticheskie, prikladnye i ekologicheskie aspekty [Geochemistry of underground waters. Theoretical, applied and environmental aspects]. Moscow, TsentrLitNefteGaz Publ., 2012. 672 p. (In Russ.)
23. Smith R.H., Martell A.E. Critical stability constants. N.Y.-L.: Plenum Press, 1977, vol. 4, 156 p.
24. Turner D.R., Whitefield M., Dickson A.G. The equilibrium speciation of dissolved components in freshwater and seawater at 25oC and 1 atm pressure. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1981, vol. 45, no 6, pp. 855‒881.
25. Karapetyants M. H. Metody sravnitel'nogo rascheta fiziko-himicheskih svojstv [Methods of comparative calculation of physico-chemical properties]. Moscow, Nauka Publ, 1965, 404 p. (In Russ.)
26. Kireev V. A. Metody prakticheskih raschetov v termodinamike himicheskih reakcij [Methods of practical calculations in thermodynamics of chemical reactions]. Moscow, Chemistry Publ., 1970, 520 p. (In Russ.)
27. Kim E.-Y., Osseo-Asare, K. Aqueous stability of thorium and rare earth metals in monazite hydrometallurgy: Eh–pH diagrams for the systems Th-, Ce-, La-, Nd-(PO4)-(SO4)-H2O at 25 °C. Hydrometallurgy 113–114, 2012, pp. 67–78.
28. Shock E. L., Helgeson H. C. Calculation of the thermodynamic and transport properties of aqueous species in high pressures and temperatures. Correlation algorithms for ionic species and equation of state predicthions to 5 kb and 1000 ̊C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1988, vol. 52(2), pp. 2009–2036.
29. Rai I., Rao L., Weger H.T., Felmy A.R., Chappin G.R., Yui M. Thermodynamic data for predicting concentrathions of Th (IV), U(IV), Np(IV) and Pu(IV) in Geological Environments. Japan nuclear cycle development institute, 1999.
30. Demol J., Ho E., Senanayake G. Sulfuric acid baking and leaching of rare earth elements, thorium and phosphates from monazite concentrate: Effect of bake temperature from 200 to 800 C. Hydrometallurgy, 2018, vol. 179, pp. 254‒267.
31. Moskvin A.I., Essen L.N., Bukhtiyarova T.N. Kompleksoobrazovanie chetyrjohvalentnyh torija i urana v fosfatnyh rastvorah [Complexation of tetravalent thorium and uranium in phosphate solutions]. Zhurnal neorganicheskaja himii ‒ Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 1967, vol. XII. no. 12, pp. 3390‒3392 (In Russ.)
32. Lapidus G. T., Doyle F. M. Selective thorium and uranium extraction from monazite: I. Single-stage oxalate leaching. Hydrometallurgy, 2015, vol. 154, pp 102‒110.
33. Mordberg L. E. Thorium in crandallite-group mlnerals: an example from a Devonian bauxite deposit, Timan, Rassia. Mineralogical Magazine, 2004, vol. 68, no 3, pp. 489–497.
34. Likhachev V. V. Redkometal'nost' boksitonosnoi kory vyvetrivaniya Srednego Timana [The rare metal of the bauxitebearing weathering crust of Middle Timan]. Syktyvkar, Komi NTs UrO RAN Publ., 1993, 224 p. (In Russ.)
35. Kopeikin V. A. Fiziko-himicheskaja model' lateritnogo processa. Fiziko-himicheskie modeli v geohimii [Physico-chemical model of the laterite process. Physico-chemical models in geochemistry]. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1988, pp. 61−80 (In Russ.)
36. Whitney D., Evans B.W. Abbreviations for names of rockforming minerals. Amer. Mineral, 2010, vol. 95, pp. 185–187.
2. Gurvich M. Yu., Parshakov N. S., Skosyreva N. N. Raspredelenie torija i urana v boksitah nekotoryh mestorozhdenij Krasnojarskogo kraja [Distribution of thorium and uranium in bauxites of some deposits of the Krasnodar region]. Izvestija VUZov. Geologija i razvedka ‒ News of universities. Geology and exploration, 1974, no 10, pp. 38‒43 (In Russ.)
3. Tenyakov V.A., Kopeikin V.A. Torij v boksitah: rasprostranenie, prichina popadanija, geneticheskaja interpretacija. [Thorium in bauxites: distribution, cause of ingestion, genetic interpretation]. In the book: Bauxites. Moscow, VIMS Publ., 1980. pp. 199-213 (In Russ.)
4. Bushinskii G. I. Geologiya boksitov [Geology of bauxite]. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1975. 416 p. (In Russ.)
5. Bazhenov V. A., Buldakov L. A., Vasilenko I. Ya. et al. Vrednye himicheskie veshhestva. Radioaktivnye veshhestva: spravochnik. Leningrad: Himija [Harmful chemicals. Radioactive substances: guide: a reference book]. Leningrad, Chemistry Publ.,1990. 464 p. (In Russ.)
6. Beckman I. N. Torij. Uchebnoe posobie [Thorium]. Moscow: MSU Publ., 2010, 136 p. (In Russ.)
7. Yaroshevsky A.A. Rasprostranjonnost' himicheskih jelementov v zemnoj kore [Prevalence of chemical elements in the Earth's crust]. Geohimija ‒ Geochemistry, 2006, no. 1, pp. 54-62. (In Russ.)
8. Vinogradov A. P. Vvedenie v geohimiju okeana [Introduction to ocean geochemistry]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1967, 216 p. (In Russ.)
9. Voitkevich G. V., Miroshnikov A. E., Povarenykh A. S., Prokhorov V. G. Kratkij spravochnik po geohimii [A brief guide to geochemistry]. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1977, 184 p. (In Russ.)
10. Emsley J. Elementy [Elements]. Reference book. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1993. 256 p. (In Russ.)
11. Kopeikin V. A. Povedenii torija v lateritnom processe [Behavior of thorium in the laterite process]. Atomnaja jenergija ‒ Atomic energy. 1984, vol. 56, pp. 221‒223 (In Russ.)
12. Karpov I. K. Fiziko-khimicheskoe modelirovanie na EVM v geokhimii [Physicochemical modeling on a computer in geochemistry]. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 248 p. (In Russ.)
13. Chudnenko K. V. Termodinamicheskoe modelirovanie v geokhimii: teoriya, algoritmy, programmnoe obespechenie, prilozheniya [Thermodynamic modeling in geochemistry: theory, algorithms, software, applications]. Novosibirsk, GEO Publ., 2010, 287 p. (In Russ.)
14. Karzhavin V. K. Termodinamicheskie velichiny nekotorykh fosfatov kal'tsiya gruppy apatita [Thermodynamic values of some calcium phosphates of the apatite group. Zhurnal fizicheskoi khimii – Journal of physical chemistry. 1981, vol.LV, no. 8, pp. 1933–1936. (In Russ.)
15 Termicheskie konstanty veshchestv: Spravochnik [Thermal constants of substances: Handbook.]. Ed. akad. V. P. Glushko (editor-in-chief) et.al. Vol. 1–10. Moscow, AN SSSR, VINITI Publ., 1965, 26 p. (In Russ.)
16. Latimer V.M. Okislitel'nye sostoyaniya elementov i ikh potentsialy v vodnykh rastvorakh [Oxidative states of elements and their potentials in aqueous solutions]. Moscow, Izd-vo inostr. Lit Publ., 1954, 400 p. (In Russ.)
17. Naumov G.B., Ryzhenko B.N., Khodakovskii I.L. Spravochnik termodinamicheskikh velichin (dlya geologov) [Handbook of thermodynamic quantities (for geologists)]. Moscow, Atomizdat Publ., 1971. 240 p. (In Russ.)
18. Langmuir D., Herman J.S. The mobility of thorium in natural waters at low temperatures. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 1980, vol. 44, no 11, pp. 1753‒1766.
19. Lur'e Yu.Yu. Spravochnik po analiticheskoi khimii [Handbook of analytical chemistry]. Moscow, Khimiya Publ., 1989. 448 p. (In Russ.)
20. Morozov I.V., Boltalin A.I., Karpova E.V. Okislitel'novosstanovitel'nye protsessy. Elektronnaya biblioteka khimicheskogo fakul'teta [Oxidation-reduction processes. Electronic library of the Faculty of Chemistry]. Moscow, Moscow State University Publ., 2003. 64 p. (In Russ.)
21. Lidin R.A., Andreeva L.L., Molochko V.A. Konstanty neorganicheskikh veshchestv: spravochnik [Constants of inorganic substances: a reference book]. Moscow, Drofa Publ., 2006. 685 p. (In Russ.)
22. Krainov S.R., Ryzhenko B.N., Shvets V.M. Geokhimiya podzemnykh vod. Teoreticheskie, prikladnye i ekologicheskie aspekty [Geochemistry of underground waters. Theoretical, applied and environmental aspects]. Moscow, TsentrLitNefteGaz Publ., 2012. 672 p. (In Russ.)
23. Smith R.H., Martell A.E. Critical stability constants. N.Y.-L.: Plenum Press, 1977, vol. 4, 156 p.
24. Turner D.R., Whitefield M., Dickson A.G. The equilibrium speciation of dissolved components in freshwater and seawater at 25oC and 1 atm pressure. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1981, vol. 45, no 6, pp. 855‒881.
25. Karapetyants M. H. Metody sravnitel'nogo rascheta fiziko-himicheskih svojstv [Methods of comparative calculation of physico-chemical properties]. Moscow, Nauka Publ, 1965, 404 p. (In Russ.)
26. Kireev V. A. Metody prakticheskih raschetov v termodinamike himicheskih reakcij [Methods of practical calculations in thermodynamics of chemical reactions]. Moscow, Chemistry Publ., 1970, 520 p. (In Russ.)
27. Kim E.-Y., Osseo-Asare, K. Aqueous stability of thorium and rare earth metals in monazite hydrometallurgy: Eh–pH diagrams for the systems Th-, Ce-, La-, Nd-(PO4)-(SO4)-H2O at 25 °C. Hydrometallurgy 113–114, 2012, pp. 67–78.
28. Shock E. L., Helgeson H. C. Calculation of the thermodynamic and transport properties of aqueous species in high pressures and temperatures. Correlation algorithms for ionic species and equation of state predicthions to 5 kb and 1000 ̊C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1988, vol. 52(2), pp. 2009–2036.
29. Rai I., Rao L., Weger H.T., Felmy A.R., Chappin G.R., Yui M. Thermodynamic data for predicting concentrathions of Th (IV), U(IV), Np(IV) and Pu(IV) in Geological Environments. Japan nuclear cycle development institute, 1999.
30. Demol J., Ho E., Senanayake G. Sulfuric acid baking and leaching of rare earth elements, thorium and phosphates from monazite concentrate: Effect of bake temperature from 200 to 800 C. Hydrometallurgy, 2018, vol. 179, pp. 254‒267.
31. Moskvin A.I., Essen L.N., Bukhtiyarova T.N. Kompleksoobrazovanie chetyrjohvalentnyh torija i urana v fosfatnyh rastvorah [Complexation of tetravalent thorium and uranium in phosphate solutions]. Zhurnal neorganicheskaja himii ‒ Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 1967, vol. XII. no. 12, pp. 3390‒3392 (In Russ.)
32. Lapidus G. T., Doyle F. M. Selective thorium and uranium extraction from monazite: I. Single-stage oxalate leaching. Hydrometallurgy, 2015, vol. 154, pp 102‒110.
33. Mordberg L. E. Thorium in crandallite-group mlnerals: an example from a Devonian bauxite deposit, Timan, Rassia. Mineralogical Magazine, 2004, vol. 68, no 3, pp. 489–497.
34. Likhachev V. V. Redkometal'nost' boksitonosnoi kory vyvetrivaniya Srednego Timana [The rare metal of the bauxitebearing weathering crust of Middle Timan]. Syktyvkar, Komi NTs UrO RAN Publ., 1993, 224 p. (In Russ.)
35. Kopeikin V. A. Fiziko-himicheskaja model' lateritnogo processa. Fiziko-himicheskie modeli v geohimii [Physico-chemical model of the laterite process. Physico-chemical models in geochemistry]. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1988, pp. 61−80 (In Russ.)
36. Whitney D., Evans B.W. Abbreviations for names of rockforming minerals. Amer. Mineral, 2010, vol. 95, pp. 185–187.
Опубликован
2022-09-26
Как цитировать
Копейкин, В. А. (2022). Физико-химическая модель поведения тория в профиле выветривания. Вестник ВГУ. Серия: Геология, (3), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.17308/geology/1609-0691/2022/3/20-28
Выпуск
Раздел
Палеонтология, литология, стратиграфия
