Сопряженные явления концентрационной поляризации в системах с анионообменными мембранами до и после их участия в электродиализе тартрат-содержащих растворов
Аннотация
Цель статьи: Гомогенная анионообменная мембрана ASE и гетерогенная анионообменная мембрана МА-41П исследованы в 20±1 мМ растворах NaxH(2–x)T с pH 2.5 и 9.0, где T – это кислотный остаток винной кислоты. Оптические изображения и краевые углы смачивания поверхностей мембран, а также их вольт-амперные кривые и pH обессоливаемых растворов измерены до и после использования ASE и МА-41П в электродиализе.
Экспериментальная часть: Установлено, что в случае щелочного раствора закономерности развития концентрационной поляризации не отличаются от хорошо известных для сильных электролитов. В кислом растворе способность тартратов к участию в реакциях протонирования-депротонирования является причиной увеличения в 4–5 раз эмпирического предельного тока по сравнению с теоретическим предельным током, рассчитанным в рамках конвективно-диффузионной модели. Рассмотрены механизмы переноса тартратов через анионообменные мембраны, если обессоливаемый раствор в основном содержит молекулы винной кислоты.
Выводы: Показано, что длительная (около 50 ч) эксплуатация в интенсивных токовых режимах приводит к появлению большого количества каверн на поверхности ASE и к увеличению доли ионообменного материала на поверхности МА-41П. Поверхности обеих мембран становятся более гидрофобными. Анализ вольт-амперных кривых позволяет предположить, что электрохимическая деструкция поверхности ASE и специфические взаимодействия тартратов со слабоосновными фиксированными группами обеих мембран приводят к ослаблению генерации протонов и влияют на развитие электроконвекции
Скачивания
Литература
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