Гидратационные свойства гетерогенных ионообменных мембран после их длительного использования в электродиализной переработке сточных вод производства минеральных удобрений
Аннотация
Цель статьи: В данной работе изучается эволюция гидратационных характеристик гетерогенных катионо- и анионообменных мембран в ходе электродиализной обработки многокомпонентных растворов солей.
Экспериментальная часть: Объектами исследования являются гетерогенные мембраны RalexCMH-Pes (сульфокатионообменные) и RalexAMH-Pes (анионообменные с четвертичными аммониевыми группами), которые в течение разного периода времени эксплуатировались в промышленном электродиализаторе при концентрировании/обессоливании жидких отходов производства комплексных минеральных удобрений. Гидратационные характеристики мембран определены с применением метода синхронного термического анализа. Морфология поверхности изучаемых мембран изучена методом растровой электронной микроскопии. Рентгенофазовый анализ зольного
остатка после отжига мембран осуществляли с помощью дифрактометрического метода.
Выводы: Влагосодержание и удельная теплота дегидратации изученных мембран увеличиваются в ходе длительной электродиализной переработки жидких отходов производства комплексных минеральных удобрений. Для катионообменных и анионообменных мембран влагосодержание возрастает соответственно на 74 и 68 %. Преобладающим типом кинетически неравноценной воды в мембранах является слабо- и среднесвязанная вода. Молекулы сильносвязанной воды, участвующие в ион-дипольных взаимодействиях с активными функциональными группами, представлены в мембранах в наименьшей степени, причем при эксплуатации в электродиализаторе их доля увеличивается в случае катионообменных мембран в 1.35 раза и снижается в анионообменных мембранах в 1.3 раза. Рост влагосодержания и перераспределение долей воды разной степени связанности можно объяснить деградацией мембран, вызванной их морфологическими изменениями (увеличение количества дефектов и размера макропор, заполняемых раствором или водой), а также растяжением матрицы мембран из-за наличия в перерабатываемых жидких отходах больших и сильно гидратированных ионов. Кроме того, в нанопорах анионообменных мембран имеет место накопление гидрофильных неорганических осадков.
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