Изучение различных методологических подходов к извлечению жирнокислотной фракции из сложной биологической матрицы и идентификация её состава с помощью хромато-масс-спектрометрии
Аннотация
Проведено изучение жирнокислотного состава биологической матрицы, полученной на основе экстракции липидов из двустворчатого моллюска Polititapes aureus (Gmelin, 1791), широко распространенного в Чёрном море, в том числе на севастопольском его побережье. Экстракция липидной фракцией проводилась двумя методами: методом Фолча и методом Блая-Дайера. Пробоподготовка к проведению хромато-масс-спектрометрического исследования образцов в обоих случаях была одинаковая и максимально щадящая в плане длительности температурного режима и агрессивности химических реагентов с целью максимального сохранения нативной структуры выделенного из тканей моллюска жирнокислотного экстракта. В результате проведения анализа в тканях P. aurea всего было выявлено 14 насыщенных жирных кислот, в том числе: 12-Me-13:0, 12-Me-14:0, 14-Me-16:0 и 20-Me-21:0, 5 МНЖК и 9 ПНЖК. Из этих кислот было идентифицировано четыре омега-3, четыре омега-6 и четыре омега-9 кислоты. Наиболее ценными ПНЖК являются: 18:4n-3,6,9,12, 18:2n-6,9, 20:4n-6,9,11,14, 20:5n-3,6,9,12,15 и 22:6n-3,6,9,12,15,18. Также был обнаружен ряд стеринов. Результаты показали, что метод Фолча даёт большее извлечение веществ липидной природы, чем метод Блая-Дайера, что может быть объяснено большим химическим сродством получаемого методом Фолча экстрагента по отношению к нативным липидам изучаемого моллюска.
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