The study of various methodological approaches to the extraction of fatty acid fraction from a complex biological matrix and the identification of its composition using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS)
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of the biological matrix obtained on the basis of lipid extraction from the bivalve mollusk Polititapes aureus (Gmelin, 1791), widely distributed in the Black Sea, including on its Sevastopol coast, was studied. Lipid fraction extraction was carried out by two methods: the Folch method and the Bligh-Dyer method. Sample preparation for gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) examination of samples in both cases was the same and as gentle as possible in terms of the duration of the temperature regime and the aggressiveness of chemical reagents in order to maximize the preservation of the native structure of the fatty acid extract isolated from the tissues of the mollusk. As a result of the analysis, a total of 14 saturated fatty acids were detected in the tissues of P. aurea, including: 12-Me-13:0, 12-Me-14:0, 14-Me-16:0 and 20-Me-21:0, 5 SFAs and 9 PUFAs. Of these acids, four omega-3, four omega-6 and four omega-9 acids have been identified. The most valuable PUFAs are: 18:4n-3,6,9,12, 18:2n-6,9, 20:4n-6,9,11,14, 20:5n-3,6,9,12,15 and 22:6n-3,6,9,12,15,18. A number of sterols have also been found. The results showed that the Folch method provides a greater extraction of substances of a lipid nature than the Bligh-Dyer method, which can be explained by the greater chemical affinity of the extractant obtained by the Folch method in relation to the native lipids of the studied mollusk.
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