Sorption and surface properties of modified biochar obtained as a result of carbonization of pine sawdust
Abstract
Wastewater treatment remains a very important problem. The most effective method of treatment is through the sorption of toxic components. Therefore, of great importance is the search for and synthesis of alternative inexpensive sorbents. One of the possible solutions is to use by-products of forestry, agricultural, and timber industries (sawdust, shavings, bark, etc.) as raw materials for the production of sorbents. The article describes a process for the production of biochar by means of the carbonization of pine sawdust and the following alkaline modification of the obtained sorbent. The carbonization was performed in a closed reactor with a heating rate of 10°С/min up to the temperature of 500°С.
The obtained biochar was activated with a 2 M solution of potassium hydroxide with the sample-modificator ratio being 1:4 at a temperature of 21оС. The photocolorimetric method was used to study the kinetics of the sorption of the organic dye (methylene blue) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption equilibrium was reached within 24 hours.
The IR spectroscopy demonstrated the polyfunctional nature of the surface of the biochar and the presence of various functional groups: ОН, -СН2, С=О, -СН3. The molar ratios Н/С and О/С for the biochar were 0.193 and 0.026. After the alkaline modification they were 0.190 and 0.025 respectively. A lower molar ratio indicates that the activation leads to an increase in the hydrophobicity of the surface with a high affinity to the organic pollutant. According to SEM, the size of the particles decreases by 4-6 times as a results of alkaline activation. The degree of extraction of methylene blue is up to 66% on the initial biochar and up to 96% on the activated biochar. The sorption process is greatly contributed to by the electrostatic interaction between the adsorbent and the dye molecules. The obtained sorption isotherms can be classified as type IV, which is characteristic of mesoporous solids. Alkaline activation results in an increase in the sorption of methylene blue on biochar by 1.5 times.
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References
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