Composite aerogels based on reduced graphene oxide decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles for the sorption of heavy and rare earth metals from solutions of complex compositions
Abstract
The study is devoted to the development of a promising technology for obtaining effective sorption materials based on modified graphene structures using available and environmentally friendly reagents. Iron (III) chloride was used as feedstock for the production of iron oxide nanoparticles. By mixing solutions of iron acetate with a dispersion of graphene oxide with further reduction of iron hydroxides to oxides and graphene oxide to graphene with ascorbic acid, a stable hydrogel structure was obtained. Using drying methods in supercritical isopropanol, a highly porous aerogel modified with iron oxide nanoparticles was synthesized. The resulting composite material was characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, and BET methods. It has been established that iron nanoparticles are present in the aerogel structure in the form of ferromagnetic oxide phases – γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. The TEM method showed that the particles are uniformly distributed in the carbon matrix of the aerogel; the average size of the identified iron oxide nanoparticles did not exceed 100 nm. The XRD method confirmed the reduction of graphene oxide during synthesis, as well as the presence of iron oxides in the aerogel structure in the proposed ferromagnetic forms. It has been established by nitrogen adsorption/desorption method that the structure of the aerogel is represented mainly by micropores. The specific surface area of the synthesized aerogel was 670 m2/g. The possibility for the efficient complex extraction of rare earth elements by the synthesized aerogel was shown for the adsorption of a wide range of metal ions from weakly acidic solutions of complex composition. The total degree of extraction exceeded 80%, and for some actinides - 95%, while the total degree of extraction of alkaline earth elements was about 10%.
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