Features of sorption and the mass transfer of hydrophilic substances through hydrophobic isotactic polypropylene
Abstract
Recently, a lot of attention has been paid to the study of the modification of industrial polymers in the literature. Modified systems and polymer composite materials based on large-tonnage polymers make it possible to effectively expand the brand range of polymer materials and significantly improve their technological and operational properties, create new types of products for new areas of application. In technical terms, isotactic polypropylene (PP), which, in particular, showed good results in the pervaporation process during the separation of a mixture of toluene- n-butanol is promising. It is widely used as one of the components of composite membranes. In this work, the research of sorption and mass transfer in the pervaporation process of two classes of sorbates on membranes made of modified isotactic industrial hydrophobic PP brand 01030 (GOST 26996-86) was continued. The modification was carried out processing PP films with liquid alkanes with an increasing number of carbon atoms С6-С9 in several ways, which we called routes. Their essence is swelling of PP in one sorbate (alkanes) followed by swelling (immediately or after drying) in another sorbate (acetone, isopropanol). The sorption value of hydrophilic (acetone and isopropanol) depends both on the route of modification and on the number of carbon atoms in the alkane molecule causing a change in the polymer structure. It was shown that the modification of a PP film with alkanes led to an increase in the permeability of acetone and isopropanol during pervaporation. The greatest increase in the permeability value was achieved when the film was treated with hexane along all routes. The process of mass transfer was affected by the method of membrane modification: surface modification, when modification was carried out using pervaporation unit and alkanes were sorbed on the side of the membrane facing the liquid, and volumetric, in which the membrane swells in alkane in a free state outside the pervaporation unit. In the case of volume modification, the membrane structure changed throughout the thickness, which led to an increase in the free volume of the polymer and an increase in the permeability of acetone and isopropanol. An increase in temperature during pervaporation also led to an increase in the permeability of the studied solvents.
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