Mikhail Tsvet – the first head of the botanical department of Voronezh State University
Abstract
The article is dedicated to the 150th birthday anniversary of Mikhail Tsvet, a Russian botanist, researcher of physicochemical phenomena (solubility, adsorption, fluorescence, etc.) and physiological processes (osmosis, photosynthesis, the role of pigments, etc.) of a plant cell, biochemical the nature of chloroplasts and plant pigments (chlorophyll and its derivatives, carotenoids and anthocyanins). The scientist invented the method of chromatography, as well as various methods of microtechnics and microchemistry. M.S. Tsvet for the first time obtained pure chlorophyllins a, b, and g (now called chlorophylls a, b, and c) and a number of xanthophyll isomers.
The scientific career of M.S. Tsvet began with his student work on the study of the stem anatomy of representatives of the Solanaceae, Loganiaceae, and Nolanaceae families, for which he was awarded Davy Medal of the Royal Society of London.
Further, the scientific interests of M.S. Tsvet from classical botany turned to newly developing areas of biology, such as cytophysiology and plant biochemistry. Using the invented chromatography method, Tsvet finally and indisputably proved the existence of two forms of green pigments - chlorophyllins a and ß (now chlorophylls a and b in higher plants, chlorophyllin γ (now chlorophyll c) in algae and for the first time isolated these compounds in chemically pure form. The article discusses his heritage as a scientist and organizer of the Department of Botany of the Voronezh State University.
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References
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