Sorption characteristics and electrical conductivity of anion-exchange membranes in lactic acid solutions
Abstract
The electromembrane synthesis of lactic acid and demineralization of its aqueous solutions are a promising option for solving applied problems of whey processing. The assessment of the sorption capacity of the main working elements of the apparatus - ion-exchange membranes is required for the effective organization of the electromembrane process. The analysis of the sorption characteristics and electrical conductivity of membranes allows to establish the mechanism of interaction of substances with ion exchangers; they are necessary for calculating the kinetic parameters of ions in ion-exchange membranes, important for modelling and interpreting ion transport in electromembrane systems. In this study, the sorption characteristics of strongly basic anion-exchange membranes with quaternary ammonium groups MA-41 (Shchekinoazot, Russia) and Ralex AM(N)-PP (Mega, Czech Republic) were investigated in individual aqueous solutions of lactic acid (0.25 and 0.35 mol/ dm3). For the MA-41 membrane, which has larger particles of ion-exchange material in its composition, in comparison with Ralex AM(N)-PP, the share of non-exchange sorption of lactic acid reached 25% of the total (exchange and non-exchange) sorption, which was 2-3 times higher than for the Ralex AM(H)-PP membrane. The studied membranes were comparable in terms of the total sorption of lactic acid, which has a value of 2.06±0.16 mmol/g. Sorption kinetic curves were plotted. It was shown that the time required to reach the maximum working capacity of the studied strongly basic membranes with quaternary ammonium groups from different manufacturers in terms of lactic acid was 34 and 22 minutes (for initial lactic acid concentrations of 0.25 and 0.35 mol/dm3 respectively). The electrical conductivity of samples of anion-exchange membranes in the studied solutions of lactic acid was measured. Diffusion coefficients for Lac--ions in ion-exchange membranes were calculated. The estimation method for the particle size of an ion exchanger in the composition of heterogeneous membrane based on the analysis of photographs of membrane samples obtained by optical microscopy has been proposed. The membrane must be treated in an indicator solution prior microscopy. This will enhance the differences in the light transmission of the ion exchanger/polyethylene and identify the ion exchanger particles against the background of an inert binder.
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