Investigation of the adsorption of nickel(II) ions by natural sorbents
Abstract
Natural zeolites have a number of unique properties, which determines the versatility of their practical application. Such minerals are widely used for the extraction of heavy metal ions, including nickel(II) ions from industrial waste water, concentrated solutions, and technogenic formations. The adsorption of nickel(II) ions by natural zeolites of the Sokirnitskoe (Transcarpathia, Ukraine) and Kholinskoe (Eastern Transbaikalia) deposits was investigated in this study. According to X-ray phase analysis, the zeolite-containing sample of the Sokirnitskoe deposit contains at least 75 wt.% clinoptilolite, and the sample of the Kholinskoe deposit consists of heulandite (at least 75 wt.%). For the sample from the Sokirnitskoe deposit, the zeolite modulus (Si/Al ratio) was 3.85–4.13, and for the sample from the Kholinskoe deposit it was 3.5. The adsorption capacity of zeolites with respect to nickel(II) ions was evaluated based on the analysis of adsorption isotherms. The pH of the studied aqueous solutions was 5.5-5.8. The time for establishing adsorption equilibrium, which corresponds to a constant concentration of nickel(II) in solution, was 2 hours. The obtained isotherms indicate that the adsorption of nickel(II) ions by heulandite was two times higher than that for clinoptilolite and composed 0.104 mmol/g (6.1 mg/g). The adsorption of nickel(II) ions was studied using the Langmuir, Freindlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The values of the determination coefficients indicate that the adsorption of nickel(II) ions is best described by the Langmuir model for the zeolite of the Kholinskoe deposit and the Dubinin-Radushkevich model for the zeolite of the Sokirnitskoe deposit. Based on the Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption model, the values of the free energy of adsorption (Е=4.36 kJ/mol) were determined, indicating the physical nature of the interaction between the adsorbate and the adsorbent, in the case of the zeolite of the Sokirnitskoe deposit. It was shown that the adsorption of nickel(II) ions by the zeolite of the Kholinskoe deposit proceeds according to the ion-exchange mechanism (Е=8.45 kJ/mol). In this case, Ca(II) ions of heulandite were probably exchanged for Ni(II) ions present in the aqueous solution. This also explains the higher adsorption values of nickel(II) ions by this sample.
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