Two-temperature reagent-free ion-exchange purification of lithium chloride from impurities
Abstract
The development of natural hydro-mineral raw materials for the isolation of lithium is complicated by its separation and purification from the accompanying compounds of sodium, magnesium, calcium and other substances. Mixed solutions are also formed during the regeneration of lithium from various used products. Ion exchange is often used as a solution to such problems. However, in traditional ion-exchange processes it is necessary to use auxiliary reagents for their regeneration. In the present study, we considered the possibility of using the reagentless two-temperature ion exchange method for purification of lithium from ions of the first and second groups. A scheme of reagentless purification of 1 N LiCl solution from CaCl2 and KCl impurities was proposed and experimentally confirmed. This scheme includes successive operations of two-temperature ion-exchange purification from CaCl2 by the parametric pumping method using polymethacrylic cation exchanger and subsequent two-temperature ion-exchange purification from KCl by the parametric pumping on synthetic zeolite A. The differential enthalpy value of exchange of calcium ions for lithium ion from a solution containing 1.0 N LiCl – 0.020 N KCl – 0.01 N CaCl2, amounting to 7.7 kJ/g-eq, was determined. It was shown that with increasing temperature, the selectivity of the exchange of lithium and potassium ions on zeolites A and X decreases significantly. This effect is characterized by high values of the differential exchange enthalpy ~ -20 kJ/g-eq.
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