Sorption, diffusion characteristics and electrical conductivity of anion-exchange membranes in lactic acid and sodium chloride solu-tions
Abstract
Membrane technologies, including processes involving ion-exchange membranes, can be used at certain stages during the production of lactic acid from whey. In this study, a comparative analysis of the sorption characteristics, diffusion permeability and electrical conductivity of strong basic anion exchange membranes with quaternary ammonium groups - MA-41 (Shchekinoazot, Russia) and Ralex AM(H)-PP (Mega, Czech Republic) in individual aqueous lactic acid and sodium chloride solutions was performed over a wide range of concentrations. For the MA-41 membrane, which has larger ion exchanger particles inside the composite, in comparison with Ralex AM(H)-PP, higher non-exchange sorption of lactic acid and higher diffusion fluxes of both lactic acid and sodium chloride were observed. This may be due to: a greater uneven distribution of a fixed charge throughout the membrane volume due to a lower degree of dispersion of the ion exchanger and, as a consequence, a smaller charged surface area of dispersed particles inside the membrane (which led to a less effective Donnan exclusion of co-ions from the membrane phase); with the growth of macropores on the surface of the sample. The electrical conductivity of samples of anion-exchange membranes in solutions of lactic acid and sodium chloride was measured. For membranes in a mineral salt solution, using a three-wire and microheterogeneous conductivity model, the contribution of conductivity channels (mixed gel-solution channel, gel phase) to the overall electrical conductivity of the system was calculated. The presence of a wider gel-solution conduction channel for Ralex AM(H)-PP in combination with comparable values of the proportion of gel and intergel phases in MA-41 and Ralex AM(H)-PP samples served as indirect confirmation of the influence of the degree of dispersion of the ion exchanger included in the composition of heterogeneous samples, on the transport characteristics of membranes.
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