Application of zeolites in high-performance liquid chromatography
Abstract
Inorganic zeolites or microporous crystalline aluminosilicates have high porosity, developed specific surface area, uniform pore size and ion exchange properties, which determines their molecular sieve and adsorption properties. The use of zeolites as catalysts, dryers of solvents and gases, and selective sorbents for the separation of low molecular weight compounds is widely known. Zeolites are widely used as fillers for chromatographic columns in gas adsorption chromatography.
Little is known about the use of zeolites in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the mechanism of sorbate retention on these sorbents. Depending on the properties of sorbates, retention is determined by a combination of ion exchange, adsorption, molecular sieve effect, as well as kinetic selectivity. Due to solvation of the sorbent surface in HPLC, the thermodynamic parameters of the interaction of sorbates with zeolite change, the effective pore size decreases, and the diffusion of separated compounds into the pores of the sorbent becomes more difficult.
Nevertheless, zeolites are promising adsorbents, since specific size (dpore) and the pore geometry of zeolites, as well as the possibility of selecting zeolites with a certain polarity, determines the high selectivity of the separation of low molecular weight compounds. Wide-pore zeolites with dpore (0.6-0.8 nm) with 8, 10, 12, and 14-membered ring channels are of greatest interest for HPLC.
This review provides brief information about the classification, composition, structure of zeolites and their effect on their adsorption properties, as well as systematizes data on the use of zeolites in HPLC.
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References
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