Electrical conductivity of heterogeneous ion exchange membranes in solutions of mono-, di- and tricarboxylic acids and its effect on the process of electrodialysis of solutions containing organic acids
Abstract
In this study, the electrical conductivity of cation-exchange and anion-exchange membranes was studied in solutions containing both strong (sodium chloride and acetate) and weak (acetic, succinic and citric acids) electrolytes. The results obtained indicate that the concentration dependence of the electrical conductivity of membranes in weak electrolytes differs significantly from that observed for solutions of strong electrolytes. In the case of an acetic acid solution, the electrical conductivity of the membranes is higher than that of the equilibrium solution over the entire range of concentrations that were studied. It has been shown that existing models of the transport and structural organization of membranes allows describing the structural parameters of ion-exchange membranes in contact with strong electrolytes. In sodium chloride and sodium acetate solutions, the obtained dependences were processed within the framework of microheterogeneous and three-wire models to establish the influence of the nature of the electrolyte on the transport and structural characteristics of the membranes. The dependence of electrical conductivity on the concentration of a weak electrolyte solution does not allow the use of either microheterogeneous or extended three-wire models for the description of the structure-property relationship of ion-exchange materials. It has been shown that in acetic acid and partially succinic acid solutions, the solution provides the main contribution to the resistance of the electromembrane system. Based on the results obtained from measuring electrical conductivity, changes in the design of a laboratory electrodialyzer were proposed and experiments were carried out on desalting a solution of acetic acid. It has been shown that the use of thinner intermembrane separators in the desalting chamber leads to an increase in the integral current efficiency (from 0.32 to 0.44 at 0.6 A/dm2 and the same degree of desalination) and a reduction in specific energy consumption (from 3.0 to 1.9 kWh/mol at 0.6 A/dm2) during desalination of acetic acid. The results obtained can be further used to improve the parameters of the process of obtaining weak acids by bipolar electrodialysis.
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References
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