Influence of polymer structure on the swelling and selectivity of ion exchangers
Abstract
In the present work, the ion exchange model was further developed, based on expanded ideas about the interactions of ions, including Coulomb, dipole, and hydrogen bonds. Due to the closeness of the ionic radii, the model derives the canonical form of the equation for the binding energy. The equation contains a small parameter that includes differences in the size and hydrophilicity of the ions. Such parameters are the main factors influencing the value of the ion exchange constant. Based on the model describing the interaction of the counterion with the ion exchanger, expressions are derived to relate the selectivity parameters of ion exchange with the phenomenon of swelling of polymer ion exchangers. It is shown that the contribution of the hydration factor to the ion exchange energy is determined by the hydration number of the counterion and the swelling coefficient of the ion exchanger. The influence of the structural characteristics of cross-linked polymers on the volume of the swollen ion exchanger is considered and a pattern is derived linking the swelling coefficient and the proportion of the cross-linking agent. The theoretical conclusion is confirmed by experimental data for the polystyrene ion exchangers. Equations for selectivity coefficients for the strong ion exchangers are derived.
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References
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