Agroecological indicators of the absorption capacity of chernozem during an oil spill
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of agroecological indicators of the absorption capacity of chernozem. In modern conditions of conducting a special military operation (SMO), the soil cover of the Lugansk People's Republic (LPR) is experiencing anthropogenic impact in the form of a diesel fuel spill when refueling special military equipment. A study of local data on changes in the content of physicochemical properties of chernozem was carried out, which allows us to talk about the sorption process - the main mechanism of the exchange absorption capacity of soils. The purpose of the work is to establish the negative impact of diesel fuel spills when refueling military equipment on the soil properties of the Svatovsky district of the LPR.
The study area is characterized by intensive agricultural use of land resources. As a result, there is a decrease in the humus content in the upper layers of the soil. The color of the soil is dark gray, due to the presence of humic substances and enriched with the inclusion of sintered soil particles, which were formed as a result of partial burnout of humus during explosions of charges. Over a long period of use (ploughing) of chernozems located in the steppe zone, the xerophilic steppe vegetation was replaced by mesophilic agricultural crops. In recent years, 2022-2024, a reverse trend has been observed, associated with the absence of agricultural crops in the study area and its overgrowing with xerophilic steppe vegetation.
In contaminated soils, the humus content in the 0-10 cm layer is higher (4.45%) than in background soils (3.98%) due to the sorption capacity of chernozem soils. The minimum pH value of the aqueous suspension is observed in the background area. In a contaminated area, the reaction of the environment is close to neutral. In contaminated chernozem, starting from 20-30 cm of soil layer, there is no hydrolytic acidity. In the upper 0–10 cm layer it is 1.45 mmol(eq)/100 g of soil, which is lower compared to the same layer of background soil, where it is 2.69 mmol(eq)/100 g of soil. The degree of soil saturation with bases in the 0–10 cm layer of chernozem is higher under areas contaminated with oil products and amounts to 96.6%. This value in the background area in the 0-10 cm layer of chernozem is 93.6%. All studied soil areas, located both in the background and in the contaminated area, are characterized by a high degree of soil saturation with bases.
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