The influence of ultradispersed additives in the process of synthesis of ion-exchange matrix in the production of cation- and anion-exchange fibrous Polikon membranes on their structure and properties
Abstract
The urgent problem nowadays is the production of new ion-exchange materials. A promising basis for the development and creation of a wide range of ion-exchange materials are polymer fibers. The combination of various types of fibrous materials and ion-exchange matrices allows obtaining both cation- and anion-exchange membranes with a wide range of properties. The structure and properties of the resulting membranes are significantly affected by the conditions of synthesis of the ion-exchange matrix on the surface and in the structure of the fibrous base. An effective direction for obtaining composite materials with improved properties is the introduction of ultradispersed additives of various natures during their polycondensation filling. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to study the physicochemical properties and porous structure of a series of cation- and anion-exchange Polikon membranes obtained using nanoparticles (NP) of various inorganic substances at the stage of synthesis of the ion-exchange matrix.
A series of samples of composite ion-exchange fibrous Polikon K membranes were formed by synthesizing a bifunctional cationite with ion-exchange –SO3H and -OH groups, obtained on the basis of n-phenolsulfonic acid and formaldehyde on a polyacrylonitrile fibrous base. A series of composite Polikon A membranes were obtained by polycondensation filling of polyester fibers of the fabric “Lavsan filter fabric - FL-4”. The initial components of the monomerization composition during the formation of a polyfunctional anionite of mixed basicity, containing secondary and tertiary amino groups and quaternary ammonium groups, were polyethyleneamine and epichlorohydrin. Oxidized nanoparticles of Fe, Ni, Cu, B, Si were used as dopants.
The influence of the nature of nanoparticles and their quantitative content on the specific electrical conductivity of Polikon membranes was studied in this work. It was found that regardless of the nature and content of NPs in the range of 1.5-7.5 wt. %, the membranes have close values of specific electrical conductivity. It was shown that the NP content of 1.5 wt. % is sufficient to ensure the conductive properties of the membranes. The method of reference contact porosimetry and electron microscopy confirmed the heterogeneity of Polikon membranes at the supramolecular and macroscopic levels, caused by the multiphase nature of the system as a result of combining hydrophilic and hydrophobic components during synthesis. It was found that the high electrical conductivity of the membranes is due to the high porosity of the samples and the presence of macropores filled with an equilibrium electrolyte solution. At the same time, the nature of nanoparticles has a greater effect on the electrical conductivity of Polikon membranes than the technology of obtaining nanoparticles. Based on the information obtained about the selective and conductive properties of Polikon membranes, recommendations were made about the prospects of their use as fillers between heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes in the production of deeply deionized water by electrodialysis.
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References
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